CORONA Main Coronavirus thread

Heliobas Disciple

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US-Funded Experiments in China Could Secretly Manipulate Viruses: Email
FBI tipped off to risky experiments, which were funded by the agency headed by Dr. Anthony Fauci.

By Zachary Stieber
4/21/2024

Experiments in China funded by the U.S. government could manipulate coronaviruses and leave no trace, according to newly disclosed emails.

Details of the experiments show that changing the viruses could be done and “would leave no signatures of purposeful human manipulation,” an unknown person told the FBI on April 23, 2020, according to one of the emails.

The details were outlined on a webpage for a grant funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the agency headed by Dr. Anthony Fauci until late 2022. The government has funded $4.3 million for the grant. Some of the funds were sent to the Wuhan Institute of Virology, a laboratory located in the same Chinese city in which the first COVID-19 cases appeared in 2019.

An FBI official forwarded the email to another FBI official about an hour after receipt.

“Hey are you going to be in office tomorrow? We just interviewed our person from [redacted] again and he provided us with some alarming new info,” the official wrote. “Give me a call if you can.”

The identities of the source and FBI officials were redacted in the messages, which were obtained by the nonprofit Judicial Watch through a Freedom of Information Act request.

The FBI and EcoHealth did not respond by press time to requests by The Epoch Times for comment.

“These smoking gun documents showed the FBI quickly understood that Fauci’s agency funded the gain-of-function research that could disguise the resulting coronavirus as ‘natural,’” Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton said in a statement. “These new documents further demonstrate the need for a comprehensive criminal investigation into Fauci’s gain-of-function scandal.”

Robert Garry, who has a doctorate in microbiology and also studied virology, said in private messages that genetic manipulation doesn’t leave signatures. One could “synthesize bits of the genes ... with perfect provision and then add them back in without a trace,” he wrote in early 2020 while analyzing COVID-19.

Mr. Garry and others later wrote in a paper called “Proximal Origin” that the available evidence showed that COVID-19 “is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus.” Two of the authors defended the change during a hearing in Congress.

Records previously obtained by Judicial Watch show that the FBI opened an inquiry into the research in Wuhan, which was done under a grant called “Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence.”

It’s not clear what specific actions the FBI took, but the bureau has since determined that COVID-19, a coronavirus, likely originated at the Wuhan lab.

“You’re talking about a potential leak from a Chinese government-controlled lab that killed millions of Americans,” FBI Director Christopher Wray said in 2023.

The U.S. intelligence community as a whole is divided on the matter, with at least one other agency also assessing a lab origin as likely while others are undecided or lean toward the natural origin theory.

COVID-19 is believed to have come from bats. The grant gave money to scientists to gather bat coronaviruses and experiment on them in labs in Wuhan and elsewhere. China has largely blocked investigations into the origins of COVID-19 and declined to make information from the lab public.

Similarities between COVID-19 and a virus on which experiments were proposed in a separate EcoHealth funding application are among the evidence pointing to the lab leak theory, experts say.

Others say the available evidence, including early cases at a wet market in Wuhan, suggests a natural origin.

Experiments funded through the U.S. grant did result in a bat coronavirus that made mice sicker than those infected with the original version, government officials have disclosed. Concerns about work at the lab were raised prior to the pandemic, according to an internal report viewed recently by a U.S. senator. Officials renewed EcoHealth’s grant in 2023 but have barred funding to the Wuhan lab after lab leaders stopped sharing information with EcoHealth and U.S. overseers.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Mexican Study Shows That Melatonin Can Restore Redox Homeostasis Alteration In COVID-19 Patients
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 22, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to impact global health, with millions of cases and deaths reported despite vaccination efforts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease's severity is crucial for developing effective treatments. Recent research from the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez-Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán-Mexico that is covered in this COVID-19 News report, sheds light on melatonin's potential to restore redox homeostasis in COVID-19 patients.

Thailand Medical News had covered previous studies showing the efficacy of melatonin in preventing COVID-19 disease severity and also in assisting treating certain Long COVID conditions.

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...n-aid-in-treating-certain-long-covid-symptoms

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...cerebral-vessels-might-be-good-for-long-covid

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...es-that-melatonin-can-prevent-severe-covid-19

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...-efficacy-of-melatonin-to-help-treat-covid-19

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...val-rates-of-covid-19-patients-on-ventilators

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...d-19-due-to-its-anti-inflammatory-properties-

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...vid-19-patients-by-preventing-cytokine-storms


Targeting Type II Pneumocytes: The Gateway for SARS-CoV-2

The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily targets type II pneumocytes, initiating a cascade of events leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. This process involves the interaction of viral proteins with cellular receptors, triggering immune responses that contribute to tissue damage and disease progression.


The Role of Melatonin in Redox Homeostasis
Melatonin, a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, is known for its antioxidant properties and regulatory effects on mitochondrial function. Its ability to scavenge free radicals, modulate immune responses, and promote antioxidant enzyme activity makes it a promising candidate for mitigating COVID-19-induced oxidative stress.


Study Design and Methodology
The study evaluated serum samples from COVID-19 patients, assessing markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, and redox homeostasis before and after melatonin treatment. Key parameters included carbonyls, glutathione levels, total antioxidant capacity, nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.


Results and Discussion

The study yielded crucial insights into the impact of melatonin on redox homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. The results, coupled with a comprehensive discussion, provide a deeper understanding of melatonin's therapeutic potential in mitigating oxidative stress and restoring cellular balance.


- Oxidative Stress Markers

The analysis of serum samples from COVID-19 patients revealed notable alterations in oxidative stress markers. Specifically, concentrations of total carbonyls and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) index were elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. This elevation signifies increased oxidative damage to cellular components, including lipids, proteins, and DNA.

However, following treatment with melatonin, there was a significant decrease in the concentration of carbonyls and the LPO index. These findings underscore melatonin's ability to counteract oxidative stress by reducing the burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating cellular damage.


- Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
The study also investigated the activities of key antioxidant enzymes that utilize glutathione (GSH), such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). In COVID-19 patients, there was a notable decrease in the activities of these enzymes compared to healthy individuals. This decline reflects an impaired antioxidant defense system in response to viral infection-induced oxidative stress.

However, following melatonin treatment, a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes was observed. Melatonin's ability to enhance the enzymatic antioxidant defense system highlights its role in promoting cellular resilience and combating oxidative damage. By augmenting the activities of GPx, TrxR, GST, and GR, melatonin contributes to restoring redox balance and protecting cells from oxidative injury.


- Redox Homeostasis Restoration
One of the most significant findings of the study was melatonin's capacity to restore redox homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. The treatment with melatonin led to increases in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitrite levels (NO2-), thiol groups, and glutathione (GSH) concentration. These improvements signify a shift towards a more favorable redox state, characterized by enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced oxidative stress markers.

The restoration of redox homeostasis is crucial in mitigating the pathological consequences of COVID-19, such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By modulating ROS levels and bolstering antioxidant mechanisms, melatonin emerges as a promising therapeutic adjunct in managing COVID-19-related complications.


Mechanisms of Melatonin Action
Melatonin's multifaceted mechanisms of action contribute to its efficacy in restoring redox balance and combating oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients. These mechanisms include:

-ROS Scavenging: Melatonin's chemical structure enables it to scavenge a variety of free radicals, including superoxide anions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH-). By neutralizing ROS, melatonin protects cellular structures and prevents oxidative damage.

-Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes: Melatonin stimulates the activity of key antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, TrxR, GST, and GR. These enzymes play pivotal roles in detoxifying ROS and maintaining cellular redox equilibrium.

-Regulation of Inflammatory Responses: Melatonin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine production, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. By dampening excessive inflammation, melatonin reduces oxidative stress associated with the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases.

-Glucose Homeostasis Modulation: Melatonin's influence on glucose metabolism contributes to its overall antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. By inhibiting the Warburg effect and promoting aerobic mitochondrial function, melatonin helps restore cellular energy balance and mitigate metabolic disturbances in COVID-19 patients.


Implications for COVID-19 Management
The study's outcomes suggest that melatonin can serve as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress-related complications. Its role in restoring redox balance, modulating glucose metabolism, and improving inflammatory profiles highlights its therapeutic potential.


Clinical Significance and Future Directions

Clinical trials supporting melatonin's efficacy in COVID-19 management underscore the need for further research into optimal dosages, treatment durations, and patient populations. Integrating melatonin into comprehensive treatment protocols could enhance outcomes and reduce disease severity.


Conclusion
Melatonin emerges as a promising therapeutic agent for restoring redox homeostasis and mitigating oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients. Its diverse mechanisms of action and proven antioxidant effects position it as a valuable addition to the arsenal of treatments for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated complications. Future studies should delve deeper into melatonin's molecular pathways and clinical applications to optimize its therapeutic benefits in COVID-19 management.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

 

Heliobas Disciple

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Cover Up Of Mystery Flu Outbreak In Argentina That Has Left Many In ICU Is More Than Just Possible Psittacosis, H5N1 Suspected
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 22, 2024

The global health community was jolted into action when ProMed, renowned for its role in detecting emerging health threats, issued a chilling alert regarding a mysterious flu-like illness in Argentina. With echoes of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in which Promed also sounded the first international alarms in December 2019, the emergence of 60 plus critical cases in Buenos Aires set off alarm bells, prompting urgent scrutiny and concern.

Urgent warning as mystery flu 'similar to Covid' leaves people critically ill

Mystery 'Covid-like' flu leaves dozens critically ill with doctors on high alert


The Enigma Unfolds: Similarities to COVID-19
Doctors found themselves grappling with a puzzling scenario as the afflicted individuals exhibited symptoms strikingly similar to those of COVID-19. This uncanny resemblance, combined with the severity of cases requiring intensive care, raised urgent questions about the nature and potential spread of this new health crisis.


Initial Claims Of Psittacosis Link
Among the alarming observations was a significant subset of patients displaying symptoms associated with psittacosis, commonly known as parrot fever. This unexpected connection to a bird-related disease added layers of complexity and intrigue to an already perplexing situation. What was particularly perplexing was that many patients lacked direct bird contact, challenging conventional understanding of psittacosis transmission. However, certain data did not show that just Psittacosis was involved as only one patient was tested positive for the disease.


Latest Updates From Argentina - H5N1 Possibly Involved
According to latest emerging details, the outbreak started at a pet shop cum small pet farm in the city of Buenos Aires dealing with exotic birds and the outbreak spread to people in contact with the shop and also from the neighbourhood. Besides the 62 patients in ICU, many more are under isolation and investigation.

In a puzzling development, health authorities and government officials have placed a gag order on local Argentinian media from reporting any H5N1 News coverages on the issue.

However, doctors from Hospital de Infecciosas Francisco Javier Muñiz in Buenos Aires, where more than half of the infected patients are in ICU claimed that even they have been forced with gag orders and that teams for WHO have been assigned to take over all cases and there are strict movements in the hospital. Doctors there suspect that H5N1 avian flu is likely involved and also stated that 4 of the 62 infected patients have died since and that two healthcare workers from the hospital are now also infected with the same mystery disease.

Argentinian health authorities are refusing to comment about the cases.


Urgent Calls for Caution and Vigilance
Local government officials and health experts however wasted no time in urging caution and vigilance, emphasizing the need to take this mystery outbreak seriously. Despite initial assurances that the threat might be contained, the specter of past pandemics loomed large, underscoring the importance of thorough investigation and proactive measures. However, a media blackout has been imposed on the development and many locals are not even aware of what is unfolding in their own city. The affected neighborhood has currently been cordoned off and individuals restricted moving in or out of the area.


Navigating Uncertainty: The Road Ahead
As Argentina grapples with this unfolding health crisis, the world watches closely, mindful of the lessons learned from previous global health challenges. The urgency of the situation demands transparent communication, robust data sharing, and coordinated international efforts to decipher the origins and implications of this enigmatic flu outbreak.


Confronting the Challenge Together

In the face of uncertainty, one thing remains clear: the imperative of united action and shared resolve. Drawing from the collective experiences of past pandemics, the global community stands poised to confront and conquer this latest health challenge, reaffirming its commitment to safeguarding public health and well-being.

Thailand Medical News will be providing more updates on the unfolding crisis.
 

psychgirl

Has No Life - Lives on TB
I have a Facebook friend who lives in the UK.
His 12 yr old daughter was just at the hospital for pneumonia. Her oxygen got so low she started to turn blue.
I don’t have any more details other than that.

She’s pulled through, and I think resting at home now, thank God…. I guess it was touch and go for a bit but he was extremely distraught as you can imagine.
 

psychgirl

Has No Life - Lives on TB
Exactly. He's hoping the live attenuated vaccines will cause an immune response that the mRNA vaxx doesn't elicit.

HD
It was announced on local WIBC radio that there’s been a measles case at the Indianapolis Children’s Museum the day of the eclipse.
There were hundreds and hundreds of people there that day! :(

They gave symptoms to be on the lookout for such as fever, and white patches in the mouth.
 
Last edited:

Zoner

Veteran Member
I have a Facebook friend who lives in the UK.
His 12 yr old daughter was just at the hospital for pneumonia. Her oxygen got so low she started to turn blue.
I don’t have any more details other than that.

She’s pulled through, and I think resting at home now, thank God…. I guess it was touch and go for a bit but he was extremely distraught as you can imagine.
Yes, thank GOD. He can help us.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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COVID Spike Proteins Help Cancer Cells Survive, Resist Chemotherapy: Brown University Preprint Paper
The p53 gene—the most commonly affected by cancer—stops cancer cell growth and encourages DNA repair.

By Marina Zhang
4/22/2024

Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, potentially promotes cancer by interfering with anti-cancer activities, according to a recent preprint cell study from Brown University.

The preprint authors, led by Dr. Wafik El-Deiry, director of the Cancer Center at Brown University, exposed cancer cells to spike protein subunits. They found that the spike subunits may promote cancer survival and growth by blocking a cancer suppressor gene known as p53.

The gene—the most commonly affected by cancer—stops cancer cell growth and encourages DNA repair.

“Interfering with p53 can promote cancer development as well as aid cancer growth,” Dr. El-Deiry told The Epoch Times.

When exposed to chemotherapy, cancer cells containing spike protein subunits had a better chance of survival.
“We saw enhanced cancer cell viability in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 subunit after treatment with several chemotherapy agents,” said Dr. El-Deiry.


Spike Subunits Block Anti-Cancer Gene


The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein comprises two components: S1 and S2. In this study, the researchers tested the effects of the S2 component in several human cancer cell lines: lung, breast, colorectal, and sarcoma cancer cells.

All cells were modified to include normal p53 genes, and some were introduced to spike protein S2 DNA.

The researchers then used chemotherapy drugs to activate the p53 genes and cause cancer cell death.

However, they found that cancer cells with spike protein S2 tended to survive the effects of the anti-cancer gene and chemotherapy. They also observed that p53 activity was reduced in these cells.

It is still unknown why cancer cells with spike protein S2 DNA had better survival rates. Dr. El-Deiry said it could be because S2 proteins seem to interfere with p53 activity. However, S2 proteins may also cause “other effects that promote cell survival” even in the presence of toxic chemotherapy.


COVID-19 Vaccines May Have Similar Effects

Dr. El-Deiry’s study was designed to test whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus or its viral subunits could promote cancer activities.

However, the study further implied that SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics like the COVID-19 mRNA and protein vaccines may yield similar effects.

“Our goal was to study spike protein regardless of its origin,” Dr. El-Deiry told The Epoch Times. “We focused on spike that may come from infection or any other way it can be expressed in human cells … this would also apply to vaccine-made spike.”

Dr. El-Deiry was careful to highlight the many limitations of his study, including that it was a simple cell culture study. Additionally, with differing spike variations in the different viral strains and vaccines, the health consequences they may have require more research.


More Thorough Studies Needed

When asked if human cancers carry the same risks when exposed to spike protein S2, Dr. El-Deiry said their current data are too preliminary to know.

He said additional animal studies would be needed to “more thoroughly [evaluate] cancer susceptibility.”

He would also like to examine the behaviors of normal cell types and their responses to different spike variants. He hopes that the spike proteins generated by future vaccines will not suppress p53 activity.

Dr. El-Deiry added that questions remain to be answered, such as whether these potential cancer-promoting effects are reversible, how long the spike proteins persist in the cells, and whether these risks can be mitigated.

“Some of the questions have relevance to long COVID as well as repeated administration of vaccines with stable RNA that introduces it into normal cells,” he said.


Several Studies Link Cancer to COVID-19 Pandemic

Several recent studies have shown a rise in cancer that coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Two preprints investigating codes for cause of death found that in 2020, there was a slight increase in excess death from cancer neoplasms—new and abnormal tissue growth—according to data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The excess mortality rate of neoplasms for young Americans was 1.7 percent in 2020. In 2021, this increased by almost threefold to 5.6 percent. In 2022, the excess neoplasm death rate increased to 7.9 percent.

“The results indicate that from 2021 a novel phenomenon leading to increased neoplasm deaths appears to be present in individuals aged 15 to 44 in the US,” authors of one of the preprints wrote, alluding to possible COVID-19 vaccine involvement.

Another follow-up report on older Americans presented similar findings.

A peer-reviewed Japanese study published in Cureus on April 8 observed a “significant increase“ in cancer deaths in Japan after mass vaccination with the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose in 2022.

Common cancers had a decreasing excess mortality between 2010 and 2019, the authors wrote. There were also no excess cancer deaths in the first year of the pandemic. However, researchers observed an uptick in some types of cancers in 2021, with further increases in 2022, coinciding with mass vaccination efforts.

Of the cancer mortalities studied, the rise in breast cancer mortality rate was particularly significant, the authors found. Breast cancer had a substantial deficit in mortality in 2020 but shifted to excess mortality in 2022.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Excess Deaths in Japan Hit 115,000 Following 3rd COVID Shot; New Study Explains Why
By Joe Wang
4/22/2024

Commentary

A new study on harms resulting from the COVID vaccine was published on April 8 in the U.S.-based peer-reviewed medical science journal Cureus. It represents the largest study to date on adverse effects of the COVID vaccine, and the results are shocking, to put it mildly.

In the study, titled “Increased Age-Adjusted Cancer Mortality After the Third mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Dose During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan,” five Japanese scientists used an entire dataset of the country’s 123 million population (Japan has the highest vaccination rate in the world) to study excess cancer mortalities coinciding with mass COVID vaccination.

The authors also provide a sound explanation as to why these deaths occurred after the mRNA injection.

As a former vaccine researcher, I read the Cureus article with great interest. My fellow Epoch Times columnist, Megan Redshaw, has written an excellent article on this study. Here, I would like to highlight some points that I think are worth reiterating.


Excess Deaths Following the Third Shot

The study shows there were 1,568,961 total deaths in Japan in 2022. About 1,453,162 deaths were expected based on statistical predictions using pre-pandemic information, which means there were 115,799 excess deaths in 2022.

The 115,799 “age-adjusted excess number of deaths” in 2022 occurred after two-thirds of the Japanese population had received the third dose of COVID vaccine.

Based on Japan’s Ministry of Health data, I calculated that there were 39,060 COVID deaths reported in 2022. So, the majority of Japan’s excess deaths in 2022 were not caused by COVID infection, but rather are strongly associated with the vaccination.


Harm Done by the Vaccine, Not the Virus

The study shows that in 2020, after COVID-19 began to spread in Japan but before vaccination was available, the age-adjusted number of deaths was 28,000 fewer than what was predicted. And in 2021, as the virus continued and there was limited COVID-19 vaccination (it started in February), there were 25,000 more deaths than what was predicted.

Based on the number of excess deaths in 2022, the Japanese scientists concluded: “Statistically significant increases in age-adjusted mortality rates of all cancer and some specific types of cancer, namely, ovarian cancer, leukemia, prostate, lip/oral/pharyngeal, pancreatic, and breast cancers, were observed in 2022 after two-thirds of the Japanese population had received the third or later dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine.”

“These particularly marked increases in mortality rates of these ERa-sensitive cancers may be attributable to several mechanisms of the mRNA-LNP vaccination rather than COVID-19 infection itself or reduced cancer care due to the lockdown,” the authors wrote.

In plain English, this study revealed the mRNA COVID jab is likely the cause of the extra deaths that occurred in Japan.


6 Types of Cancer Had Significant Excess Deaths

The study presented the numbers for all-cause death, but also looked into the details of deaths caused by cancer. It found that of the 20 types of cancer, six of them—ovarian, leukemia, prostate, lip/oral/pharyngeal, pancreatic, and breast cancer—had statistically significant excess mortalities in 2021 and increased further in 2022.

The significant increase in mortalities for the six specific cancer types cannot be blamed on a shortage of health-care services during the pandemic. Reduced cancer screening and health care due to lockdowns should increase deaths for all cancers. However, such an increase was not observed in other types of cancers in Japan in 2022.

So what is so special about the six specific cancer types? They are all known as estrogen receptor alpha (ERa)-sensitive cancers.

The scientists explained why these cancers not only occurred after vaccination, but also killed people in a short period of time after they received the shot.


Cancer After the Jab: A Scientific Explanation

I worked as a research scientist at Sanofi Pasteur, one of the world’s largest vaccine companies, for more than 10 years. As the person who spearheaded Sanofi’s SARS-CoV-1 vaccine development in 2003, I personally found the hypothesis presented by the Japanese scientists very reasonable.

Please bear with me on the scientific terms, because they are important in understanding the possible roles the mRNA vaccine may have played in cancer development.

ERs (estrogen receptors) are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that can be activated by the sex hormone estrogen. ERa is one of the two classes of ERs, an important regulator in the body’s reproductive system.

Research published in the peer-reviewed journal Science Advances in November 2022 screened 9,000 human proteins to see which protein binds better with the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, and found the S protein specifically binds to ERa. The binding “upregulates the transcriptional activity of ERa.”

In other words, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (from infection or vaccination), when introduced into the human body, binds to ERa and functions as a nuclear receptor coregulator, interfering with the cell’s normal function and leading to malfunction of the cells and organs.

This may explain why death caused by the six types of ERa-sensitive cancers increased in 2022 in Japan after two-thirds of the population received the third dose of the mRNA vaccine.

The vaccine carries the S gene of SARS-CoV-2, hijacking the host cells to produce S proteins. The S proteins produce inside the cell, then bind to ERa, disrupting the cell’s normal function and leading to cancer development.

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.

For any healthy person, some cells die, some age, and some become cancerous. All this happens without the person knowing it because the body’s immune system is constantly working to deal with such problems. However, if the immune system is compromised, illness then develops, including cancer.

Plenty of evidence has started to emerge showing that the COVID-19 vaccine has the potential to severely interfere with the human body’s immune system. This new Japanese study provides further evidence of the extent of this phenomenon.


Vaccination and Suppression of Cancer Immunosurveillance

It has been shown the mRNA vaccine not only has the potential to cause cancer, it may also weaken the immune systems’ ability to recognize and repress cancerous tumours.

In a study published last October, Konstantin Fohse and colleagues reported vaccination with BNT162b2 modulated innate immune responses, resulting in a weakened cancer immunosurveillance.

The damage caused by COVID vaccines would have been less if the vaccination wasn’t as widespread, and the dosage of the vaccines were not as high due to boosters.

The Japanese scientists found that for each Pfizer-BioNTech dose, there are about 13 trillion SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP molecules. For Moderna, the number is 40 trillion. Since the average human body has about 37.2 trillion cells, one COVID-19 mRNA-LNP dose would have enough molecules to spread into each and every human cell.

As I wrote previously, contrary to what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s claim that “after the body produces an immune response, it discards all of the vaccine ingredients” because uridines in normal RNA are now replaced with pseudo-uridines in this COVID-19 mRNA-LNP, we know the modified RNA now lives in the body for months and can even find its way into babies through breast milk.

The Japanese study was written before October 2023 using information from 2022 and earlier. As COVID vaccination continues in many countries, it is scary to think how many people may die or develop cancer if the 2022 trend continues.


Uncertain Future

As authorities across the world still claim that the COVID-19 vaccine is “safe and effective” and continue pushing vaccination, it is uncertain what the future holds.

This is because the COVID-19 mRNA-LNP molecules already in the bodies of hundreds of millions of people will remain there and continue producing the S protein, interfering with the immune system and causing cancer and other diseases.

Studies like the one by the Japanese scientists should have been undertaken in countries such as the United States, Canada, and the UK and published in top medical journals without censorship so that we can learn from mistakes and prevent the mistakes from happening again. Unfortunately, that has not happened.

However, hopefully more and more scientists and researchers will be brave enough to point out the very obvious: that the COVID-19 vaccine is not safe.

It is worth noting that the Cureus medical journal was recently acquired by the Springer Nature Group in December 2022. The group also owns renowned scientific publications such as Nature and Nature Medicine.

COVID vaccine injury has been a taboo subject for scientists and medical journals. Many people were cancelled when they tried to defy the censorship. It is refreshing to see Springer Nature publish the Japanese study.

Views expressed in this article are opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
 

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Study finds COVID-19 pandemic led to some, but not many, developmental milestone delays in infants and young children
by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
April 22, 2024

Infants and children 5 years old and younger experienced only "modest" delays in developmental milestones due to the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions and restrictions, a study led by Johns Hopkins Children's Center finds.

In a report on the study published in JAMA Pediatrics, investigators evaluated possible links between pandemic-related disruptions to everyday life and changes in developmental milestone screening scores.

The data were from the Comprehensive Health and Decision Information System (CHADIS), a web-based screening platform caregivers use to complete surveys about their children's development. It is used by more than 5,000 pediatric practices in 48 U.S. states.

Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), a caregiver-completed measure of child development routinely collected as part of pediatric care, researchers say they found only small decreases in communication, problem-solving, and personal-social skills and no changes in fine or gross motor skills among children in the study.

"We found, overall, that while there are some changes, the sky is not falling, and that is a really important and reassuring finding," says Sara Johnson, Ph.D., M.P.H., corresponding author of the study, director of the Rales Center for the Integration of Health and Education at Johns Hopkins Children's Center, and Blanket Fort Foundation professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Numerous studies, the researchers say, found the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown restrictions disrupted the lives of many people, including families with young children. Everyday life and daily routines were upended as schools and child care centers closed, many people began working from home, and social contacts diminished. Many experienced increased stress, anxiety, and social isolation due to these changes and activity cancellations.

Research has also shown the pandemic is linked to lower child health-related quality of life, increased mental health concerns, decreased sleep and increased risk of obesity.

However, the impact of the pandemic on developmental milestones among young children in the U.S. remained unclear, in part because studies designed to address them were done outside the United States or in small samples.

In the new study, Children's Center researchers looked at the developmental milestone status of 50,205 children, ages 0 to 5 years, drawn from a sample of more than half a million children whose parents or caregivers completed the ASQ-3. The ASQ-3 assesses children's developmental milestones in five skill domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social.

Researchers compared the children before and during the pandemic from 2018 to 2022 and found ASQ-3 score decreases in the communication (about 3%), problem-solving (about 2%) and personal-social (about 2%) skill domains. They found no changes in fine or gross motor skill domains.

When looking specifically at infants 0–12 months old, similarly modest effects were observed, and there were only decreases in the communication domain (about 3%) and problem-solving domain (about 2%).

"We thought it was possible infants might experience less impact than the older kids, given that many caregivers may have spent more time at home with their very young children," says Johnson. "But we saw generally the same things in infants as we did for older kids."

Also, given an increase in parent and caregiver worry and stress, researchers investigated whether parents and caregivers reported more worries about their child during the pandemic, regardless of milestone achievement, and found worries about their child only increased slightly during the pandemic, compared to before the pandemic.

While the researchers say the findings are reassuring, they add that the implications for children's long-term development remain unclear.

"It is important for us to continue to keep an eye on kids of all ages in terms of development, so we can understand whether these changes have longer-term implications for children or if new challenges emerge as children age," says Johnson.

Johnson and her team of investigators believe their study findings will aid in planning for future public health crises and also demonstrate the importance of shoring up the clinical infrastructure of overburdened health systems in the U.S., particularly developmental-behavioral pediatricians, who are specially trained to evaluate and treat developmental concerns. These resources will be essential to respond to the developmental needs of children now and in the future.

The investigators cautioned that the study did not factor in some variables that might have changed the findings, such as prenatal substance abuse and other health conditions. In addition, infants born preterm were excluded from the study, which may underestimate developmental impacts for this subgroup.

Researchers also cannot rule out "selection bias" among health care providers participating in CHADIS, and there was no comparison group of children who weren't exposed to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.

More information: Sara B. Johnson et al, Developmental Milestone Attainment in US Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, JAMA Pediatrics (2024). DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0683
Journal information: JAMA Pediatrics
Provided by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Common antibiotic may be helpful in fighting respiratory viral infections
by Jim Shelton, Yale University
April 22, 2024


common-antibiotic-may.jpg

Intranasal application of neomycin induces an upper respiratory ISG response independent of commensal microbiota. Credit: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319566121


A new, Yale-led study suggests that a range of respiratory viral infections—including COVID-19 and influenza—may be preventable or treatable with a generic antibiotic that is delivered to the nasal passageway.

A team led by Yale's Akiko Iwasaki and former Yale researcher Charles Dela Cruz successfully tested the effectiveness of neomycin, a common antibiotic, to prevent or treat respiratory viral infections in animal models when given to the animals via the nose. The team then found that the same nasal approach—this time applying the over-the-counter ointment Neosporin—also triggers a swift immune response by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the noses of healthy humans.

The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"This is an exciting finding, that a cheap over-the-counter antibiotic ointment can stimulate the human body to activate an antiviral response," said Iwasaki, the Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine and co-senior author of the new study.

"Our work supports both preventative and therapeutic actions of neomycin against viral diseases in animal models, and shows effective blocking of infection and transmission," said Iwasaki, who is also professor of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, professor of epidemiology at Yale School of Public Health, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Respiratory viruses affect millions of people each year. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has led to 774.5 million cases worldwide as of February 2024, with global mortality of 6.9 million people. Influenza viruses account for up to 5 million cases of severe illness and 500,000 deaths annually worldwide.

Currently, most therapies used to fight respiratory viral infections—including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy—are delivered intravenously or orally. They focus on stopping the progression of existing infections.

A nasal-centered therapy has a much better chance of stopping infections before they can spread to the lower respiratory tract and cause severe diseases, the researchers said.

"This collaborative multi-disciplinary work combined important insights from animal pulmonary infection modeling experiments with human study evaluation of this intranasal approach to stimulate antiviral immunity," said Dela Cruz, former associate professor of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine, and of microbial pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine and former director of the Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment. Dela Cruz is currently at the University of Pittsburgh.

In their study, the researchers found that mice treated intranasally with neomycin showed a robust ISG line of defense against both SARS-CoV-2 and a highly virulent strain of influenza A virus. The researchers also found that an intranasal treatment of neomycin strongly mitigated contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters.

In healthy humans, intranasal application of Neosporin (containing neomycin) also initiated a strong expression of ISGs in a subset of volunteers, the researchers said.

"Our findings suggest that we might be able to optimize this cheap and generic antibiotic to prevent viral diseases and their spread in human populations, especially in global communities with limited resources," Iwasaki said. "This approach, because it is host-directed, should work no matter what the virus is."

The co-first authors of the new study, all from Yale, are Tianyang Mao, Jooyoung Kim, and Mario Peña-Hernández.

More information: Tianyang Mao et al, Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319566121
Journal information: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Provided by Yale University
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Emerging Lineages Of SARS-CoV-2 Exhibit Changes In Total Charge On Spike Protein

Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 23, 2024

The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands as a pivotal player in the virus's lifecycle. Responsible for mediating viral entry into host cells, the S protein is a prime target for understanding viral pathogenesis, transmission, and immune responses. Encoded within the viral genome, the S protein undergoes frequent mutations, particularly in regions crucial for its functionality. A new study covered in this COVID-19 News report conducted by researchers from Jožef Stefan Institute-Slovenia and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing-China has found that emerging lineages of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit changes in total charge on spike protein.

COVID-19-News-Emerging-Lineages-Of-SARS-CoV-2-Exhibiting-Changes-In-Total-Charge-On-Spike-Protein.jpg



Mutation-Induced Changes in Spike Protein Charge
Mutations in the S protein often led to alterations in its charge due to changes in ionizable amino acids. These modifications not only impact the protein's structure but also influence its interactions with host cell receptors, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, recent studies have highlighted a trend where mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants increase the overall positive charge on the S protein, potentially affecting viral infectivity and transmissibility.


Charge Distribution in Spike Protein Domains
Examining the charge distribution within the spike protein reveals intriguing dynamics. While the stalk part (S2 domain) tends to exhibit a negative charge, the top region (S1 domain) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) maintain a predominantly positive charge across various physiological pH ranges. This nonuniform charge distribution plays a vital role in stabilizing the spike protein, enhancing receptor attachment, and facilitating viral entry into host cells.


Evolutionary Trends and Lineage Analysis
The evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 lineages unveils interesting patterns regarding spike protein charge dynamics. Previous studies have observed a consistent increase in positively charged amino acid residues in the S protein of emerging variants, contributing to enhanced viral binding and infectivity. However, recent analyses indicate a plateau in this charge increase with newer lineages, suggesting a potential shift in viral adaptation strategies.


Comprehensive Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages
A comprehensive study encompassing nearly 2200 SARS-CoV-2 lineages from the onset of the pandemic until December 2023 sheds light on evolving charge dynamics. This analysis reveals that the steady increase in positive charge on the S protein halted post-omicron variants, with subsequent lineages exhibiting greater variability in total charge. Clustering these lineages based on ionizable amino acid changes provides insights into distinct major clades and their evolutionary trajectories.


Functional Implications of Spike Protein Charge

Understanding the functional implications of spike protein charge dynamics is crucial. The charge distribution on the S protein impacts viral stability, membrane interactions, and host immune responses. Notably, variations in charge can influence viral fusion events, receptor binding affinity, and susceptibility to environmental factors such as pH fluctuations.


Structural Insights and Future Directions
Detailed structural analyses are imperative to correlate specific mutations with local charge changes and their effects on S protein domains. Mutations primarily occurring in the S1 domain, particularly in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and RBD regions, play a significant role in shaping overall protein charge and functional properties. Future research directions should focus on elucidating the structural basis of charge dynamics and their impact on viral infectivity and host immune recognition.


Implications for Viral Pathogenicity and Therapeutic Strategies

The evolving charge dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have broader implications for viral pathogenicity and therapeutic interventions. Understanding how charge alterations influence viral fitness, immune evasion, and disease severity is critical for developing targeted antiviral therapies and vaccines. Additionally, insights into charge-based interactions with host factors, such as antimicrobial peptides, provide avenues for exploring novel treatment modalities against COVID-19.


Conclusion
The dynamic evolution of charge within the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reflects the virus's adaptive strategies and interactions with host cells. Unraveling these charge dynamics enhances our understanding of viral pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and immune responses. Continued research into spike protein charge alterations is essential for informing public health strategies, vaccine development, and therapeutic interventions in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: Bioinformatics Advances.

 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Indian Study In 2013 Showed That H5N1 Virus Can Survive For Long Periods At Various Temperatures. Newer Strains Could Be Even Better
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 23, 2024

India has been grappling with persistent outbreaks of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus since 2006, particularly in Eastern regions. These outbreaks pose a significant threat not only to the poultry industry but also to public health due to the zoonotic nature of the virus. A 2013 study conducted by researchers from the High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-India that is covered in this H5N1 News report sheds light on the survivability of the H5N1 virus in poultry feces under varying temperature conditions, offering valuable insights into the persistence and potential transmission of the virus.


The Study's Focus: Survivability of H5N1 Virus in Poultry Feces at Different Temperatures
The study primarily aimed to assess how different temperatures affect the survivability of the H5N1 virus in both dry and wet poultry feces. Temperatures of 42°C, 37°C, 24°C, and 4°C were chosen to mimic environmental conditions encountered in various parts of India. The findings provide crucial data regarding the longevity of the virus in fecal matter, which can act as a reservoir for infection and contribute to the spread of avian influenza.


Key Findings: Impact of Temperature on Virus Survival
At 42°C, the virus exhibited a survival time of up to 18 hours in both dry and wet feces. This rapid inactivation at high temperatures suggests that hot climates may aid in controlling the spread of the virus, especially during extended periods of high temperature.

Similarly, at 37°C, the virus's survivability was limited to around 24 hours, emphasizing the role of moderate temperatures in reducing viral persistence. However, it's important to note that even at these temperatures, the virus can remain viable long enough to pose a risk, particularly in areas with favorable environmental conditions for its survival.

At 24°C, representing more moderate climates, the virus persisted for up to 5 days in both dry and wet feces. This extended survival period highlights the potential for the virus to maintain infectivity in environments with moderate temperatures, necessitating stringent biosecurity measures to prevent transmission.

In contrast, at 4°C, which mimics refrigeration conditions, the virus demonstrated remarkable longevity, surviving for up to 8 weeks in both dry and wet feces. This finding underscores the importance of proper waste management and disinfection protocols, especially in settings where low temperatures may prolong the virus's viability.


Urgent Updated Studies Needed On Newer Strains Currently In Circulation.
As seen with the SARS-CoV-2, viruses can also evolve with the manifestations of new mutations and even with conformational structural changes to withstand environmental factor including temperatures, humidity, pH, UV exposures, disinfectants etc.


https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...to-uv-light-compared-to-original-wuhan-strain

https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...trategy-and-prophylactics-are-needed-urgently

Hence more updated studies are need on the current H5N1 strains that are in circulation. In fact, it I speculated that the newer H5N1 strains are even better adapted for extreme temperatures and even environmental factors.


Implications for Public Health and Disease Control Strategies
The study's results have significant implications for public health and the development of effective disease control strategies. Understanding the environmental factors that influence virus survivability can aid in:

Risk Assessment: By assessing the survivability of the virus under different temperature conditions, authorities can better evaluate the risk of transmission and implement targeted interventions.

Biosecurity Measures: Insights into the virus's persistence in fecal matter emphasize the importance of stringent biosecurity measures in poultry farms and surrounding areas to prevent outbreaks.

Waste Management: Proper disposal and management of poultry waste, especially in regions with varying temperature profiles, are critical to minimizing environmental contamination and virus spread.

Climate Considerations: The study underscores the role of climate, particularly temperature, in influencing virus survival. This knowledge can inform seasonal risk assessments and preparedness plans for potential outbreaks.


Challenges and Future Directions
While the study provides valuable insights, several challenges and areas for future research emerge:

-Complexity of Factors: The survivability of the H5N1 virus is influenced by various factors beyond temperature, such as humidity, sunlight exposure, and fecal composition. Future studies could explore these interactions in greater detail.

-Environmental Variability: Environmental conditions vary widely across regions, necessitating localized studies to capture nuances in virus persistence and transmission dynamics.

-Zoonotic Potential: Understanding how environmental persistence translates into zoonotic risk is crucial for public health interventions and pandemic preparedness.

-Long-Term Monitoring
: Continued surveillance and monitoring of avian influenza viruses in both poultry and wild bird populations are essential for early detection and response to potential outbreaks.


Conclusion: Addressing the Challenge of Avian Influenza in India

The 2013 study on H5N1 virus survivability in poultry feces sheds light on a critical aspect of avian influenza control. By comprehensively assessing the impact of temperature on virus persistence, the study provides a foundation for targeted interventions and informed decision-making in disease management.

As India continues to navigate the threat of avian influenza and zoonotic diseases, ongoing research, collaboration between stakeholders, and proactive measures will be essential in safeguarding both animal and human health. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate epidemiology, virology, environmental science, and public health to effectively combat emerging infectious threats.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed Indian Journal of Virology.

 

psychgirl

Has No Life - Lives on TB
(fair use applies)


Common antibiotic may be helpful in fighting respiratory viral infections
by Jim Shelton, Yale University
April 22, 2024


common-antibiotic-may.jpg

Intranasal application of neomycin induces an upper respiratory ISG response independent of commensal microbiota. Credit: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319566121


A new, Yale-led study suggests that a range of respiratory viral infections—including COVID-19 and influenza—may be preventable or treatable with a generic antibiotic that is delivered to the nasal passageway.

A team led by Yale's Akiko Iwasaki and former Yale researcher Charles Dela Cruz successfully tested the effectiveness of neomycin, a common antibiotic, to prevent or treat respiratory viral infections in animal models when given to the animals via the nose. The team then found that the same nasal approach—this time applying the over-the-counter ointment Neosporin—also triggers a swift immune response by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the noses of healthy humans.

The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"This is an exciting finding, that a cheap over-the-counter antibiotic ointment can stimulate the human body to activate an antiviral response," said Iwasaki, the Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine and co-senior author of the new study.

"Our work supports both preventative and therapeutic actions of neomycin against viral diseases in animal models, and shows effective blocking of infection and transmission," said Iwasaki, who is also professor of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, professor of epidemiology at Yale School of Public Health, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Respiratory viruses affect millions of people each year. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has led to 774.5 million cases worldwide as of February 2024, with global mortality of 6.9 million people. Influenza viruses account for up to 5 million cases of severe illness and 500,000 deaths annually worldwide.

Currently, most therapies used to fight respiratory viral infections—including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy—are delivered intravenously or orally. They focus on stopping the progression of existing infections.

A nasal-centered therapy has a much better chance of stopping infections before they can spread to the lower respiratory tract and cause severe diseases, the researchers said.

"This collaborative multi-disciplinary work combined important insights from animal pulmonary infection modeling experiments with human study evaluation of this intranasal approach to stimulate antiviral immunity," said Dela Cruz, former associate professor of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine, and of microbial pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine and former director of the Center for Pulmonary Infection Research and Treatment. Dela Cruz is currently at the University of Pittsburgh.

In their study, the researchers found that mice treated intranasally with neomycin showed a robust ISG line of defense against both SARS-CoV-2 and a highly virulent strain of influenza A virus. The researchers also found that an intranasal treatment of neomycin strongly mitigated contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters.

In healthy humans, intranasal application of Neosporin (containing neomycin) also initiated a strong expression of ISGs in a subset of volunteers, the researchers said.

"Our findings suggest that we might be able to optimize this cheap and generic antibiotic to prevent viral diseases and their spread in human populations, especially in global communities with limited resources," Iwasaki said. "This approach, because it is host-directed, should work no matter what the virus is."

The co-first authors of the new study, all from Yale, are Tianyang Mao, Jooyoung Kim, and Mario Peña-Hernández.

More information: Tianyang Mao et al, Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319566121
Journal information: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Provided by Yale University
Well THIS is interesting!!
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
Reminds me of the iodine nose spray advice.

and the nebulized hydrogen peroxide advice.

but both of those are anecdotal.

The neomycin study is a published study out of Yale.

(however if it really works, I expect it to be buried.. I guess I'm feeling cynical.)

Everyone should at this point have a tube of neosporin on hand just in case.

HD
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Pfizer ‘Chose Not to’ Tell Regulators About SV40 Sequence In Covid Shots: Health Canada Official
By Noé Chartier and Matthew Horwood
4/23/2024

A senior Health Canada official says pharma giant Pfizer made a conscious decision to not advise regulators that its mRNA COVID-19 vaccine contained a DNA sequence from the Simian Virus 40 (SV40).

This information appears among multiple emails between staff from key drug regulators, including Health Canada (HC), the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The information was obtained through an access-to-information request.

On Aug. 23, 2023, Dr. Dean Smith, a senior scientific evaluator in HC’s Vaccine Quality Division, wrote an email to a colleague at the FDA about SV40.

Health Canada had obtained confirmation two weeks earlier from Pfizer that SV40 DNA sequences were present in its COVID-19 vaccine.

“I understand that there have been internal discussions at CBER [Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research] regarding the presents [sic] of an SV40 enhancer/promoter sequence, noting that its presence is unrelated to the purpose of the Pfizer’s plasmid as a transcription template for their mRNA COVID-19 vaccine,” wrote Dr. Smith.

“Pfizer has communicated to us recently, that they apparently chose not to mention this information to EMA, FDA or HC at the time of their initial or subsequent submissions.”

Dr. Smith added the information had been independently made public in April 2023, via a pre-print study from U.S. scientist Kevin McKernan.

Mr. McKernan, a genomics expert, had found quantities of DNA in the mRNA shots above the regulatory threshold set out by the health agencies. Dr. Smith wrote that the study had resulted in “questions coming to agencies.”

The Epoch Times had contacted HC on the matter on July 17. The first email related to SV40 within Health Canada released in the access-to-information package was sent two days later, on July 19.

In that email, Dr. Tong Wu of HC’s Vaccine Quality Division reached out to his colleague Dr. Michael Wall, a senior biologist evaluator.

“Co [Pham, executive director of HC’s Centre for Vaccines, Clinical Trials and Biostatistics] agreed to have an IAS for the SV40 promoter sequence as we discussed today. We can talk about it tomorrow,” Dr. Wu wrote. “IAS” could be a reference to an Issue Analysis Summary to evaluate a new regulatory affair.

As first reported by The Epoch Times in October, Health Canada was not aware of the SV40 enhancer presence. Since then, the FDA and the EMA have both confirmed they also weren’t aware of its presence.

Health Canada has since maintained that the SV40 enhancer/promoter sequence is a “residual DNA fragment” in Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. “The fragment is inactive, has no functional role, and was measured to be consistently below the limit required by Health Canada and other international regulators,” the agency has repeatedly said.


‘ZERO Checks’


This view has been challenged by Mr. McKernan and others, including Dr. Philip Buckhaults, professor of cancer genomics and director of the Cancer Genetics Lab at the University of South Carolina.

In response to the information released by Health Canada, Mr. McKernan posted a thread on the X platform. “No prior vaccine in Canada has been approved with such a sequence contaminant,” he said.

“Pfizer assured [HC] the sequence is not material to plasmid manufacturing,” he added. “This is an overt lie. You cannot make plasmids without the promoter for the antibiotic resistance gene. It is active in mammalian cells. If it’s not needed, why is it in there?”

Mr. McKernan also noted how HC has asked Pfizer for its Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC) protocol, saying this means “they have performed ZERO checks on this DNA contamination themselves and are entirely relying on the word of the manufacturer.”

A response to a Canadian Member of Parliament’s question tabled in the House of Commons by Health Canada appears to be line with this observation. “It is important to assess the results using the authorized validated assays performed by the vaccine manufacturers to ensure that the quality of commercial vaccine lots are comparable to lots shown to be safe and efficacious in clinical studies,” said Health Canada in December.

Concerns related to the presence of unintended DNA in the mRNA shots pertain to their potential to integrate into the human genome and cause issues like cancer. The Florida State Surgeon General Dr. Joseph A. Ladapo has called for a halt of mRNA shots over these risks.

Health Canada said in March in a document tabled in Parliament that “any claims that the presence of the SV40 promoter enhancer sequence is linked to an increased risk of cancer are unfounded.”

Dr. Buckhaults has started a scientific study to ascertain those integration risks. On April 23, he wrote on X that he had confirmed previous findings that the amount of DNA in mRNA shots exceeds the limit set by regulators.

“Yes, there was more than 10 ng/dose. I am sure of it now,” he wrote while posting his methodology. This is the same threshold applied by Health Canada.

Even if the amount of DNA was below, there are still concerns the threshold was set for regular vaccines and not the new technology using lipid nano particles (LNP).

Dr. Buckhaults wrote that the “10 ng limit is not appropriate for LNP encapsulated DNA,” adding that “as far as I know there have been no safety studies for this situation. It was not possible because of the abbreviated timeline during the emergency you saw authorization.”


Seeking ‘Remedy’


In his August 23 email to the FDA employee, Dr. Smith said HC Canada did not view the SV40 issues as an “urgent risk topic.” However, the official responsible for evaluating the safety of vaccines expressed concerns about how news of the SV40 could impact the upcoming fall 2023 vaccination campaign.

“It would be unfortunate if the information circulating had a negatively [sic] impact on public acceptance of the vaccine this year or in the future,” he said.

Despite being of this view, Dr. Smith said regulating agencies should work to encourage Pfizer to “remedy the situation” before the campaign.

In the email, Dr. Smith said HC believed the upcoming rollout of the fall COVID-19 vaccine campaign meant the agencies should be “on the same page.”

Mr. Smith’s email was written a day after Pfizer provided a response to a Quality Clarifax submitted by HC around the SV40 promoter. If deficiencies are identified in Clinical Trial Applications, HC may request additional information, which is known as a Clarifax.

On August 29, HC senior biologist Dr. Wall wrote an email to senior evaluator Dr. Tong Wu, where he said he and Mr. Smith agreed they should not inform Pfizer of their interaction with the EMA and U.S. FDA on the SV40 promoter, “especially they [sic] do not seem to care much at this moment.”

“However, we can not say nothing! Please see the following text that Julie and I worked out,” Mr. Wall added, before providing a draft comment to Pfizer’s response that was blacked out.

The same day, Dr. Wall also sent an email to Dr. Wu with a draft of the Clarifax questions to be sent to Pfizer, which included the statement, “Health Canada would continue to work with international regulatory partners to achieve harmonisation regarding removal of these sequence elements from the plasmid for future strain changes.”

Pfizer did not respond to a request for comment from The Epoch Times

Commenting on DNA contamination, Health Canada reiterated its previous position on the matter.

“Based on its evaluation of the data and scientific information for the vaccine, Health Canada has concluded that the risk/benefit profile continues to support the use of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine,” said spokesperson Anna Maddison.

Dr. David Speicher, a Canadian virologist who replicated the findings from Mr. McKernan and Dr. Buckhaults with Canadian mRNA vials, told The Epoch Times he’s preoccupied about what’s been revealed in the internal Health Canada emails. He notes that while Health Canada has dismissed the DNA fragments as biologically inactive with no functional role, they judged worthy to hold discussions with other regulators.

“We know from testing several vials that the level of SV40 enhancer-promoter in the XBB.1.5 booster is at similar levels as the others Pfizer COVID modRNA vaccines, making it just as problematic,” he says.

“Pfizer has not cleaned up the vaccine, yet the regulators are sadly more concerned about vaccine uptake in the population rather than the health risks from these vaccines.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


COVID-19 Vaccine Protection Among Children Plummets Within Months: CDC Study
Agency says results show why it recommends kids get an updated shot.

By Zachary Stieber, Reporter
4/23/2024

Children who received an original COVID-19 vaccine have little protection against hospitalization just months after vaccination, according to a new study from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Children initially have 52 percent protection against hospitalization but that estimated effectiveness plummeted to 19 percent after four months, according to the paper.

Protection against so-called critical illness also dropped sharply, from 57 percent to 25 percent, researchers found.

The researchers include CDC employees and the paper was published in the CDC’s weekly digest on April 18.

The study covered children who received two or more doses of the original Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines from Dec. 19, 2021, through Oct. 29, 2023.

The study involved children aged 5 to 18 who were hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and tested positive for the illness and compared them to a control group of children hospitalized with COVID-19-like symptoms but who tested negative for COVID-19.

Researchers drew data from the Overcoming COVID-19 Network, which includes health care sites in most of the United States, and ended up with 1,551 case patients and 1,797 in the control group.

The study found that “receipt of =2 original monovalent COVID-19 vaccine doses was associated with fewer COVID-19–related hospitalizations in children and adolescents aged 5–18 years; however, protection from original vaccines was not sustained over time,” Laura Zambrano, a CDC epidemiologist, and her co-authors wrote.

It also recorded a similar drop in protection against critical illness, defined as being placed on mechanical ventilation, vasoactive infusions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or dying.

The researchers asserted that the results highlighted the current CDC guidance that all people aged 6 months and older receive one of the newest COVID-19 vaccines, which were introduced in the fall of 2023 with clinical data from just 50 humans and no efficacy estimates. The CDC only publishes papers in its weekly digest, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, after they’re shaped to “comport with CDC policy.” The papers are not peer-reviewed.

Ms. Zambrano did not respond when asked for data suggesting that the currently available shots provide longer-lasting protection than the original vaccines.

The CDC’s website says, in promoting vaccination, that COVID-19 vaccines are “effective at protecting people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and dying” but the hyperlink that ostensibly supports the statement goes to a page that is not live.

U.S. authorities have been moving COVID-19 vaccines to a once-a-year model, similar to influenza vaccines. The model features updating the formulation of the vaccines on an annual basis, in an acknowledgment that any protection the vaccines give quickly wanes. The formulation is typically updated in the fall.

Just 14 percent of children, and 23 percent of adults, have received one of the newest vaccines as of April 6, according to CDC estimates. The available vaccines are messenger RNA (mRNA) shots from Pfizer and Moderna and an alternative from Novavax.

Dr. Jane Orient, executive director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, noted that, according to the new paper, the maximum effectiveness estimates against hospitalization were 61 percent, regardless of how the data were sliced, that more deaths were recorded among the case patients, and the median hospitalization duration was four days for both groups.

“I do not see how a clinician whose concern is treating patients and whose job does not depend on pushing mRNA vaccines would find this a basis for recommending shots—quite the contrary,” Dr. Orient, who was not involved in the research, told The Epoch Times in an email. “It reeks of conflict of interest.”

Stated limitations of the paper include not assessing post-infection immunity and a lack of sequencing data.

The conflict of interest section runs 688 words and includes some of the authors reporting funding from Pfizer and Moderna or ownership of Pfizer stock.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Advanced RNA Sequencing Reveals the Drivers of New COVID Variants
By Baylor College of Medicine
April 22, 2024

A study reveals that a new sequencing technique, tARC-seq, can accurately track mutations in SARS-CoV-2, providing insights into the rapid evolution and variant development of the virus.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID has the unsettling ability of often generating variants of itself. Other viruses also mutate, but as SARS-CoV-2 quickly spread throughout the entire human population during the pandemic, killing millions, the virus’ dynamic evolution posed a serious problem: it repeatedly challenged our bodies’ immune response fighting the virus and hindered the process of getting updated vaccines ready.

Understanding the genetic mechanism fueling SARS-CoV-2’s ability to generate variants can go a long way in keeping COVID at bay. In this study published today (April 22) in Nature Microbiology, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and collaborating institutions developed a new technology called tARC-seq that revealed a genetic mechanism affecting SARS-CoV-2 divergence and enabled the team to calculate SARS-CoV-2’s mutation rate. Using tARC-seq, the researchers also captured new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells in the lab that recapitulated observations revealed by worldwide pandemic viral sequencing data. The findings can be useful for monitoring viral evolution in the human population.


Advancements in RNA Replication Analysis


“The SARS-CoV-2 virus uses RNA, instead of DNA, to store its genetic information. Our lab has long been interested in studying RNA biology, and when SARS-CoV-2 emerged we decided to investigate its process of RNA replication, which is typically error-prone in RNA viruses,” said corresponding author Dr. Christophe Herman, professor of molecular and human genetics and of molecular virology and microbiology at Baylor.

The researchers wanted to follow RNA replication errors because they are crucial for understanding how the virus evolves, how it changes and adapts as it spreads in the human population, but current methods lacked the precision to detect rare new SARS-CoV-2 mutations, particularly in samples with a low number of viruses, such as those from patients.

“Because samples from patients have very few SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies, it is difficult to distinguish between the errors made by SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the enzyme that makes copies this virus’ RNA, and the errors from the other enzymes used in the sequence analysis,” said Herman, a member of the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center. “We have developed a technique that we call Targeted Accurate RNA Consensus sequencing (tARC-seq), which allows us to measure true errors when copying specific RNA present in very low amounts.”


Insights Into Variant Formation

Originally, the thought was that, because SARS-CoV-2 has an internal mechanism to repair the mistakes RdRp makes, then the virus should not evolve or mutate very quickly.

“This idea contrasted with the fact that during the pandemic new COVID variants emerged often around the world,” Herman said. “Since the pandemic began, we’ve seen a number of prominent variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron, as well as variants within these groups.”

With their improved analytical tool in hand, Herman and his colleagues accurately determined the mutation frequency of SARS-CoV-2 and types of mutations, both in cell cultures in the lab and clinical samples. “We found that the mutation rate was higher than originally expected and this helps explain the frequent appearance of COVID variants,” Herman said.

They also discovered that there are hotspots in SARS-CoV-2 RNA, locations that are more prone to mutation than others. “For example, we identified a hotspot on the RNA region corresponding to the spike protein, the protein that allows the virus to invade cells. Also, RNA of the spike protein makes up many vaccines,” Herman said.

The tARC-seq method also revealed that the generation of new variants involved template switching. “We determined that, as RdRp is copying one RNA template or sequence, it jumps to another template on a nearby virus and then continues copying the RNA, so the resulting new RNA copy is a mixture of both RNA templates,” Herman said. “This template switching will result in sequence insertions or deletions that bring about viral variability. We also observed complex mutations. SARS-CoV-2 takes advantage of these two powerful biological mechanisms, template switching and complex mutations, that allow it to evolve quickly, generating variants to adapt to and persevere in human populations.”

“It was interesting and exciting to see that tARC-seq allowed us to capture in laboratory cell cultures the emergence of new mutations that recapitulate the mutations observed with worldwide pandemic sequencing data,” Herman said. “Our new technology captures a snapshot of new mutations in clinical samples from individual patients and can be useful for monitoring viral evolution in the human population.”

Reference: “Targeted Accurate RNA Consensus sequencing (tARC-seq) reveals mechanisms of replication error affecting SARS-CoV-2 divergence” 22 April 2024, Nature Microbiology.
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01655-4

First author Catherine C. Bradley, Chen Wang, Alasdair J.E. Gordon, Alice X. Wen, Pamela N. Luna, Matthew B. Cooke, Brendan F. Kohrn, Scott R. Kennedy, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Pedro A. Piedra, Olivier Lichtarge, Chad A. Shaw and Shannon E. Ronca are contributors to this work. The authors are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, University of Washington, and Texas Children’s Hospital.

The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01GM088653, 3R01AG061105-03S1, 1R21CA259780 and 1R21HG011229, and by National Science Foundation grant DBI-2032904.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Significant global variation in COVID-19 guidelines: Most countries recommend at least one treatment that doesn't work
by British Medical Journal
April 22, 2024

National clinical guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 vary significantly around the world, with under-resourced countries the most likely to diverge from gold standard (World Health Organization; WHO) treatment recommendations, finds a comparative analysis published in the open access journal BMJ Global Health.

And nearly every national guideline recommends at least one treatment proven not to work, the analysis shows.

Significant variations in national COVID-19 treatment recommendations have been suspected since the advent of the pandemic, but these haven't been formally quantified or studied in depth, note the researchers.

And despite the fact that COVID-19 is no longer taking the toll on lives and health that it once did, the virus is still evolving and active around the globe, they emphasize. The WHO only rescinded COVID-19's status as a public health emergency in April 2023.

To assess how well national clinical practice followed the recommendations of the WHO (11th version; July 2022)—regarded as the gold standard—for the treatment of COVID-19, the researchers analyzed the content of all 194 WHO member states' most recent national guidelines at the end of 2022.

Each set of guidelines was scored according to how closely they aligned with the WHO recommendations. Extra points were awarded for those that had been updated within the preceding six months; those that made recommendations in line with the strength of evidence; and those that included assessments of the effectiveness of treatments and their side effects.

The wealth and resources of each country were then compared using per capita World Bank gross domestic product (GDP) in US dollars for 2021, the Human Development Index 2021, and the Global Health Security Index 2021.

Of the 194 countries contacted, 72 didn't respond. Of the remaining 122, nine had no formal guidelines or couldn't be accessed, and a further four didn't recommend any treatments, so these were excluded, leaving a total of 109.

The countries for which guidelines weren't obtained had, on average, smaller populations, lower GDP per head, and a lower Global Health Security Index, indicative of greater economic challenges and less ability to respond to health emergencies.

The 11th iteration of the WHO guidelines categorizes disease severity, but most of the reviewed guidelines (84%; 92) didn't define COVID-19 severity in the same way, and some didn't define severity at all (6.5%; 7). Only 10 guidelines (9%) used disease severity definitions that were comparable with those of the WHO.

Most (77%; 84) guidelines didn't include an assessment of the strength or certainty of the therapeutic recommendation. And the range of recommended drugs, irrespective of severity, varied from 1 to 22. The WHO guidelines recommend a total of 10.

In all, 105 guidelines included at least one treatment recommended by the WHO, but 4 didn't recommend any. Countries in the African region had a significantly lower proportion of therapies recommended by the WHO, compared with countries in Europe and Southeast Asia.

The most commonly recommended drugs were corticosteroids (92%;100), with 80% (88) of guidelines recommending them for the same disease severity as the WHO. But corticosteroids weren't recommended in severe disease in nearly 1 in 10 guidelines despite overwhelming evidence of their benefit.

Remdesivir was recommended for severe or critical disease in half the guidelines (51%; 72). But the WHO guidelines only indicate remdesivir conditionally for mild disease in patients at highest risk of hospital admission.

In late 2022, many guidelines continued to recommend treatments that the WHO had advised against, including chloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, azithromycin; vitamins and/or zinc.

One in three guidelines (36; 33%) recommended at least one neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.These guidelines were issued by wealthier countries.

But two of these monoclonal antibodies—bamlanivimab plus or minus etesivamab and regdanivimab—appeared consistently in clinical guidelines, despite not being recommended by the WHO.

Doses of the most commonly recommended drugs also varied. And many guidelines hadn't been updated for more than six months.

Guidelines from under-resourced countries diverged the most from the WHO recommendations, when stratified by annual GDP, the Human Development Index, and the Global Health Security Index.

The researchers acknowledge several limitations to their findings, including the scoring used to assess the guidelines, which hasn't been validated by other studies, and the inability to assess all national guidelines.

But they nevertheless ask, "Why do [national guidelines] differ so much in their treatment guidance for such a widespread and potentially serious infection when all have access to the same information?

"Apart from the prohibitive cost of some medications for low-resource settings we do not have a satisfactory explanation."

They offer some possible explanations, including variations in how the severity of, and therefore the most appropriate treatment for, COVID-19 is defined; the evolution of the evidence; and the research chaos and confusion of the early stages of the pandemic, leading to claims and counterclaims, compounded by intense political and media interest.

"In this 'fog of war' countries clearly felt the need to say something and do something, even if it was based on very little evidence," explain the researchers. "But why many of these unproven remedies continued to be recommended as evidence of their ineffectiveness accrued is much less clear," they add.

"There is clearly more variation in national guidelines for COVID-19 therapeutics than there should be to ensure optimum treatment," which aren't justified by significant differences between populations or geographic variation in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral susceptibility, they write.

Global health inequalities clearly have a part to play, leading to the recommendation of ineffective, unaffordable and unavailable therapies, they suggest.

"The formalization of processes in the development of [national guidelines] for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases is essential for ensuring that these guidelines are grounded in the best available evidence," they conclude.

"A systematic and structured approach would not only enhance the credibility of the guidelines but could also contribute to their effectiveness in guiding public health interventions, especially in a pandemic setting."

More information: Comparison of WHO versus national COVID-19 therapeutic guidelines across the world: not exactly a perfect match, BMJ Global Health (2024). DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014188
Journal information: BMJ Global Health
Provided by British Medical Journal
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
Posting this article because it is the popular skeptical view that the bird flu hype is just that - hype. There are other who see all the media attention as a form of broadcasting of where they are planning on leading us to next. I'll post articles following this one that can be seen as further 'hype' or can be seen as further 'broadcasting of intent' depending which side of the discussion you land on.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




(fair use applies)


WHO, Media Drum Up Fear of Bird Flu Spreading to Humans

The WHO’s Chief Scientist Jeremy Farrar warned bird flu has an “extremely high” mortality rate for humans and could mutate to pass between humans, despite no record of human-to-human transmission of H5N1.

By Brenda Baletti, Ph.D.
04/23/24

The World Health Organization (WHO) again sounded the alarm about bird flu last week, warning it has an “extremely high” mortality rate among humans.

The disease, the H5N1 avian influenza virus — also known as “highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A,” and simply as “bird flu” — can pass among some animals, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

However, it has never passed from human to human, and there have been extremely rare reports of animal-to-human transmission, the agency said.

Still, WHO Chief Scientist Jeremy Farrar said there is “great concern” that the disease will evolve and develop “the ability to go from human-to-human transmission.”

Reports of bird flu outbreaks date back to the 1880s, according to the CDC. Since 2014, there have been periodic and increasingly alarmist media stories about the virus.

Earlier this month reports again began circulating that bird flu was detected in wild birds, poultry, a variety of mammals including cats and dolphins, and a small number of humans.

News outlets like The New York Times reiterated Farrar’s warnings that the virus is mutating and could begin passing between people, and the Daily Mail warned it could be “100 times worse than COVID.”

Farrar kicked those warnings into high gear during a news conference announcing the WHO’s new definition for airborne pathogens.

“It’s a tragic thing to say, but if I get infected with H5N1 and I die, that’s the end of it,” Farrar said. “If I go around the community and I spread it to somebody else then you start the cycle.”

“We have to watch, more than watch, we have to make sure that if H5N1 did come across to humans with human-to-human transmission that we were in a position to immediately respond with access equitably to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics,” he added.

Farrar’s own past research focused on this particular strain of bird flu.


Comments spark calls for bird flu vaccine

Since Farrar’s comments, headlines like: “The next pandemic threat demands action now,” “Bird Flu Is Infecting More Mammals. What Does That Mean for Us?” “The Evolving Danger of the New Bird Flu, and “U.S. Could Vaccinate a Fifth of Americans in a Bird Flu Emergency” have asked whether this is “the next pandemic.”

News reports are calling for public health agencies to prepare accordingly by ramping up interagency biosurveillance, emergency response planning, stockpiling personal protective equipment and of course, expanding existing stocks of bird flu vaccines and developing better ones.

The U.S. government currently has three U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved H5N1 vaccines stored in the Strategic National Stockpile. The vaccines are manufactured by Sanofi, GSK and CSL Sequrius.

According to federal officials, if H5N1 were to spread widely among humans the U.S. government could distribute enough vaccines within four months to inoculate a fifth of the U.S. population, Barrons reported.

But media reports raised concerns about how effective those vaccines — developed as far back as 2007 — would be and urged the development and testing of new vaccines.

Farrar did the same in his statement, warning that vaccine development is “not where we need to be.”

Bolstering these claims, a recent research report posted in an April 20 press release found that an influenza pathogen is most likely to trigger a new pandemic in the near future — followed by “Disease X.”

However, the findings aren’t based on a study of any empirical data on actual disease.

Rather, the study reports the results of an online survey that asked global infectious disease experts to rank the diseases on the WHO’s “R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics” in the order they believed the diseases could cause the next pandemic.


Alarms sounded as WHO ‘Pandemic Treaty’ negotiation deadline looms


News reports about a “next pandemic” come just ahead of the WHO Pandemic Agreement meetings scheduled for May.

Member countries will meet to vote on a new Pandemic Agreement and amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR) to grant the WHO wide authority over pandemic management, with an annual budget estimated at $31.1 billion.

The proposed treaty and the IHR would give the WHO unprecedented executive powers to declare an international health emergency at its own discretion, and then organize and mandate a response that overrides any response an individual nation might want to deploy instead.

Many have raised concerns that the proposals compromise national sovereignty, normalize dangerous rights violations and concentrate wealth on a global scale.

Resistance to the agreements is widespread, from many U.S. congresspeople and health freedom organizations to the protests in Japan.

These new developments also came as Farrar announced last week the WHO broadened its definition of airborne pathogens.

The new definition is meant to eliminate confusion around how to “describe the transmission of pathogens through the air that can potentially cause infection in humans,” to better prevent transmission, according to the WHO.

The terms “airborne transmission” and “aerosol transmission” were often confused during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To rectify that misuse and confusion, the “consensus document” sets a new standard by which any infectious disease that travels through the air, regardless of the size of “infectious respiratory particles,” is considered to be an airborne pathogen.

The WHO’s previous stance was that only a small number of pathogens that traveled in small droplets across large distances, like tuberculosis, were considered “airborne.”

The new classification removes the limit on particle size or the distance a pathogen might spread. Agencies have historically required high levels of proof before calling a disease airborne, which calls for stringent containment measures, CBC reported.


Cases spreading among mammals


Over the past several years, millions of birds have been culled to prevent the spread of bird flu, as entire flocks are typically culled when cases are identified.

Earlier this month, the Texas Department of Agriculture announced that one of Texas’ largest poultry farms planned to kill nearly 2 million chickens after a single bird tested positive for H5N1. Commissioner Sid Miller warned that all producers in the state “must practice heightened biosecurity measures.”

Bird flu reports are seasonal, typically peaking in February. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) said it expects cases to ebb and flow. Over the last month, cases among chicken flocks have been confirmed in four states — New Mexico, Texas, Michigan and Minnesota.

The WHO also urged close monitoring and investigation of a reported outbreak of H5N1 among dairy cows in the U.S. “because it may evolve into transmitting in different ways,” and because how such transmission occurs is still unknown.

The virus has infected species other than birds. Over the last year, there have been reports of bird flu in minks, otters, foxes, seals, skunks and cattle, among others. According to some officials, animals are infected by wild birds.

Bird flu cases in cattle were first detected in the U.S. in March. USDA officials have since confirmed cases in 29 herds across eight states, including Michigan, Kansas and Texas, and a single case in a human in Texas, who had contact with an infected cow. His only symptom was conjunctivitis.

That is only the second documented case of human H5N1 in the U.S. The first was in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. According to a recent WHO report, between Jan. 1, 2003, and March 28, 2024, only 888 cases of bird flu infection in humans were reported globally, of which 52% were fatal.

The WHO announced last week that a Vietnamese man tested positive for avian influenza A (H9N2) in March. It said the man lives near a poultry market, but none of the birds at the market tested positive for the same virus.

The FDA says the risk of eggs or milk from infected animals getting to market is low because of inspections. And scientists say there is no evidence that consuming food that has been pasteurized or cooked poses any risk to people.

At least 21 states have put restrictions cattle imports from affected states, with New York joining the list on Monday.

Regenerative farmer and crop scientist Howard Vlieger told The Defender the USDA’s approach to addressing bird flu by culling herds is ill-informed. Diseases periodically circulate through animal populations, he said.

The animals that are susceptible to the virus, Vlieger said, are those that are unhealthy — that have been raised on genetically modified and pesticide-laden feeds and confined in small, crowded spaces.


U.S. collaborating with Chinese on H5N1 gain-of-function research

Genomic sequencing of the virus in the Texas patient showed that a mutation in the virus’s genome has made the flu more likely to infect mammals. However, officials maintain the risk to people remains low.

Farrar said the A (H5N1) variant has become “a global zoonotic animal pandemic.”

“The great concern of course is that in … infecting ducks and chickens and then increasingly mammals, that virus now evolves and develops the ability to infect humans and then critically the ability to go from human to human,” he added.

Reports of this evolution led to calls for the USDA to share genomic sequences for the virus taken from various animals. The agency responded by making 239 virus sequences public.

Pandemic planning consultants celebrated the move, which STAT News said will make it possible to determine if the virus has acquired mutations that make it spread more easily, possibly to humans.

Discussion of a mutation easing spread, and Farrar’s comments, have renewed worries about gain-of-function research — which has for years been conducted on bird flu viruses.

In 2018, a U.S. government review panel quietly approved experiments in two labs to modify bird flu viruses to make them more risky to humans — despite a moratorium — imposed in 2014 — on that research, Science reported in 2019.

At least one of those projects was funded by the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

And in 2011, an experiment by one of those groups had already modified the avian H5N1 virus to spread between ferrets.

USA Today’s Alison Young revealed last year that there was a major safety breach in 2019 during one of the experiments that was approved in 2018. While working in the biosafety level three lab at the University of Wisconsin, the hose providing safe clean air to the researchers was disconnected, exposing the researchers to the modified virus.

Another breach occurred in 2013 when a researcher was accidentally stuck with an infected needle.

The USDA has since 2021 collaborated with Chinese scientists in gain-of-function research on bird flu viruses.

The new definition will make it easier to mandate containment measures for a wider range of infectious respiratory particles.

Earlier this month, the Biden administration also published its new “pandemic strategy” aimed at strengthening global biosecurity before “the next pandemic.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


H5N1 bird flu virus particles found in pasteurized milk but FDA says commercial milk supply appears safe
By Helen Branswell , Nicholas Florko , Megan Molteni , and Rachel Cohrs Zhang
April 23, 2024

WASHINGTON — Testing conducted by the Food and Drug Administration on pasteurized commercially purchased milk has found genetic evidence of the H5N1 bird flu virus, the agency confirmed Tuesday. But the testing, done by polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, cannot distinguish between live virus or fragments of viruses that could have been killed by the pasteurization process.

The agency said it has been trying to see if it could grow virus from milk found to contain evidence of H5N1, which is the gold standard test to see if there is viable virus in a product. The lengthy statement the agency released does not explicitly say FDA laboratories were unable to find live virus in the milk samples, but it does state that its belief that commercial, pasteurized milk is safe to consume has not been altered by these findings.

“To date, we have seen nothing that would change our assessment that the commercial milk supply is safe,” the statement said.

The document was long on assurances but short on details of what has been undertaken or found. It does not specify how many commercial samples were taken or in how many markets, nor does it indicate what percentage of the samples were PCR-positive for H5N1. The statement did not indicate if the testing suggested the amounts of viral genetic material in the milk were low or high.

Furthermore, the statement did not reveal if the milk products were purchased in parts of the country where outbreaks have occurred, or in areas where cows haven’t been seen to have been infected.

The FDA did say it is testing milk from infected animals, in the processing system, and from store shelves with the goal of producing a “large representative national sample” of the milk supply. Beyond assessing the safety of the supply, such a sample could enable the agency to construct a more robust picture of H5N1’s spread among dairy cows nationally.

The agency emphasized that testing of commercially available milk is ongoing, and this includes efforts to discern any potential differences between different dairy products, such as cream and whole milk.

Michael Osterholm, director of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Policy, called the findings “unsurprising,” saying that PCR testing of milk could turn up genetic evidence of an array of other pathogens that would have been killed by pasteurization, such as listeria or salmonella.

“I still believe that the risk is very low for any live virus activity in milk,” Osterholm said, though he noted the FDA’s statement included too few details to show that. “It’s kind of an obtuse document.”

The FDA, which has been dodging questions for some time about the work it is doing to assess the safety of the milk supply, said it did the commercial survey as part of its efforts to assess the federal-state milk safety system in the context of the current outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in dairy cows in at least eight states across the country. As of Monday, 33 outbreaks in herds have been confirmed.

“Some of the samples collected have indicated the presence of [H5N1] using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing,” the FDA wrote in the statement.

It reiterated that it believes the pasteurization process is “very likely” to inactivate H5N1. “Data from previous studies that serve as the underpinnings of the FDA’s current milk supply safety assessment show that pasteurization is very likely to effectively inactivate heat-sensitive viruses, like H5N1, in milk from cows and other species,” the FDA wrote, though the agency acknowledged that no studies have been published on the impact of pasteurization on H5N1 viruses in milk.

Some academic centers have begun that work, however. John Lucey, director of the Center for Dairy Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told STAT in an email that preliminary testing of milk conducted at the university has indicated that pasteurization is effective in killing the virus. But he declined to share further details. The U.S. Department of Agriculture “is currently doing their own trials and I expect to hear from them shortly on their results on pasteurization which should be viewed as the official testing,” he wrote.

The virus, which has been causing outbreaks around the world for more than a quarter century, had previously not been seen to infect cows.

Pasteurization is a process of heating raw milk to kill problematic microbes. There are several ways it can be done; some involve pushing milk rapidly through a hot pressurized tube, while others heat milk over longer time periods in large vats.

The extent of microorganism destruction depends on the combination of temperature and holding times in the pasteurizer as well as the specific properties of the pathogen and how many of them are present in the milk. Higher levels of bacteria or viruses will take more time to kill. Minimum temperature and time requirements that dairy processing plants use in the U.S. are based on studies showing what it takes to kill the most heat-resistant pathogen found in milk: Coxiella burnetii, the bacteria that causes Q fever.

“It’s a very tough microbe,” said Terry Lehenbauer, a bovine disease epidemiologist and director of the Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center at UC Davis. “As a result, if we know that pasteurization can effectively kill that indicator organism, we know that all the other pathogens that are less durable will also be eliminated.”

The majority of milk in the U.S. is treated with a high-temperature, low-time technique, where the milk is heated to 162 degrees Fahrenheit for 16 seconds. Because it is a thermal process and doesn’t involve the physical removal of any bacteria or viruses, dead genetic material left behind could be detected by a method that picks up small fragments of DNA or RNA, such as qPCR.

“It really doesn’t tell you anything about aliveness or the capacity of the virus to infect,” said Jennifer Cruickshank, a dairy extension specialist at Oregon State University who specializes in genomics. “It really only tells you that in the case of influenza virus, this particular fragment of RNA was present.”

To date, there have not been any published studies about the effectiveness of pasteurization on the H5N1 virus in milk. But researchers who spoke to STAT said that inactivation of this virus is expected based on prior work that has shown it is relatively sensitive to heat. A review published in 2022 by researchers in Germany, found that at a temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, influenza viruses, including H5N1 strains found in chicken meat, feces, and eggs could be reduced by four orders of magnitude within 30 minutes.

But milk is a very different substance, a suspension of water, milk fats, and proteins, whose complex kinetics can sometimes complicate the pasteurization process. Studies conducted by the USDA in the ’70s and ’80s found that those milk fats could act like protective bubble wrap around the virus that causes foot and mouth disease — making it more difficult for the heat from pasteurization to penetrate and inactivate the virus. There’s no indication that is true with H5N1 viruses. And Lehenbauer pointed out that avian influenza is in a class of viruses encased in an envelope, which, counterintuitively, makes them much less hardy compared to non-enveloped viruses, like the one that causes foot and mouth disease. But as with any emerging pathogen, it’s worth knowing for sure.

“Pasteurization kills much sturdier viruses than influenza, so we expect it to work,” said Andrew Pekosz, a molecular microbiologist who studies respiratory viruses at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “But it’d be great to have the data.”

This story has been updated.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Genetic analysis reveals H5N1 flu virus outbreak in cows likely started earlier than thought
By Helen Branswell
April 23, 2024

The H5N1 bird flu outbreak in dairy cows in the United States has likely been going on for months longer than was previously realized, and has probably spread more widely across the country than the confirmed outbreaks would imply, according to an analysis of genetic sequences that were released Sunday by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The genetic data point to a single spillover event that probably occurred in late 2023, Michael Worobey, an evolutionary virologist at the University of Arizona, told STAT on Tuesday.

“The bad news is it looks like this is well entrenched and has been in cattle for a long time and … probably very, very, very widespread,” said Worobey, who worked on the analysis with a number of scientists in the U.S. and Europe.

He suggested the outbreak needs to be taken more seriously than it has been until now, especially given the amount of exposure humans have with cattle. “We need to just study the hell out of it for starters … and see if we can close the gap on what is happening and what we know.”

Though there were reports of a mysterious illness affecting dairy cows in Texas as early as February, the USDA first confirmed an outbreak of H5N1 in dairy cows in that state in late March. Since then, the number of confirmed outbreaks has climbed to 33 herds in eight states. One person — a farm worker who developed conjunctivitis — has been confirmed to have been infected.

The USDA has been unclear about whether these outbreaks are all linked — the result of the movement of cattle, farm equipment, or workers — or whether there have been multiple spillover events where infected wild birds have transmitted the virus to cows. Last week, it told STAT it could find links between the infected herds in Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico; it is also known that cows in the first infected Michigan herd detected had been brought in from Texas. But USDA hasn’t been able to draw a line between those outbreaks and others in Idaho, Ohio, North Carolina, and South Dakota.

The genetic sequences cluster too closely for this to be anything other than a single spillover, Worobey said. “If it were jumping from bird to cattle over and over again … I wouldn’t think you would just get this same very reduced genetic diversity where each of the internal segments are showing the same pattern.”

The prospect of an outbreak that has been underway for months longer than had been previously known is not reassuring to those who follow the dangerous H5N1 virus.

“If that’s true, it’s been flying under the radar for a really embarrassingly, frustratingly long time,” Worobey said. “And we have no idea how much it’s spreading asymptomatically and how widespread it is. And we’re trying to deal with something long after the horse has bolted.”

Tom Peacock, an influenza virologist at the Pirbright Institute, a British organization that focuses on controlling viral illnesses in animals, concurred with Worobey’s read of the data.

The USDA has previously reported that it believed that virus from an infected cattle herd had found its way into a nearby chicken operation in Michigan. The genetic sequences for cows, poultry, and other infected species that were released by the USDA suggest that hypothesis is correct, Peacock said. “If you look at all the cattle sequences together, they all cluster, as do the cats and the chickens and the grackles and stuff.”

“The thing that doesn’t fit that picture is the human case,” he said.

The genetic sequence from the human case, which occurred on an unidentified farm in Texas, is sufficiently different from the cattle sequences that it can’t be easily linked to them, he said. The differences suggest that the individual was either infected in a separate event — maybe not via a cow, but through contact with infected wild birds — or that there might have been another line of viruses in cattle early on and it has since died out.

“It’s basically too distant a cousin to be connected directly to this outbreak, which either means it’s a second spillover or there was an early bifurcation of the cattle sequences,” Peacock said.

The 239 genetic sequences the USDA shared on Sunday did not include what’s known as metadata — information on where the sample that generated the sequence was taken, what part of the body of the infected animal it was taken from, or when precisely the collection occurred. They simply state “USA” and “2024,” which limits how well outside scientists can interpret what they are seeing.

Peacock said it would have been helpful to know whether any of the cattle sequences had been generated from samples taken on the farm where the infected worker was thought to have been exposed to the virus. But that information is not available.

Asked whether the analysis of the genetic data increases his sense of the risk H5N1 poses to humans, Worobey suggested he was uncomfortable with the knowledge that H5N1 seems to be spreading in mammals, calling that unprecedented.

Having the virus in a mammalian species with which people have frequent contact gives H5N1 more opportunities to acquire the mutations needed to be able to evolve to be able to infect people, or “more shots on goal,” Worobey said. “That’s bad.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Such As H5N1 Are Also Wind Borne And Can Be Transmitted Over Distances Of Up To 25 Km
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 23, 2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a formidable challenge in the realm of poultry farming and public health globally. It represents not just a threat to animal populations but also carries significant risks of zoonotic transmission, potentially affecting human health. Amidst the myriad of transmission routes, the wind-borne spread of HPAI has emerged as a topic of interest and concern. This H5N1 News
report delves into the research conducted by Wageningen University in the Netherlands, which focuses on modeling the wind-borne spread of HPAI between farms during the notable 2003 epidemic. Many people are unaware that such highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses such as H5N1 can also be spread/transmitted by winds.

Context and Importance
The outbreak of HPAI, alongside other highly contagious viruses such as Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), presents substantial challenges to the livestock industry. The 2003 HPAI epidemic in the Netherlands serves as a stark reminder of the devastating impact such outbreaks can have. Beyond economic losses and animal welfare concerns, there are significant public health ramifications, including the risk of transmission to humans. Understanding the mechanisms of between-farm spread, particularly through indirect routes like wind-borne transfer, is paramount for devising effective control strategies and mitigating the impact of future outbreaks.


Analyzing the Wind-Borne Spread
The research undertaken at Wageningen University sought to develop a comprehensive model that quantifies the spread of contaminated farm dust between locations. This model accounts for various factors influencing transmission dynamics, including dust deposition, pathogen decay, and the infection process on exposed farms. By incorporating poultry- and avian influenza-specific parameters, the researchers were able to calculate the probability of between-farm transmission via the wind-borne route.


Model Development and Insights

The model developed by Wageningen University is rooted in a Gaussian Plume Model (GPM) framework, which is commonly used to analyze atmospheric dispersion phenomena. However, this adaptation goes beyond mere dispersion modeling; it incorporates crucial elements such as dust deposition processes and pathogen decay rates. These additions provide a more nuanced understanding of how contaminated farm dust, laden with HPAI virus particles, can be transported and deposited over varying distances.

The insights gained from this modeling effort are significant. It was observed that while wind-borne transmission could indeed contribute substantially to short-distance spread (up to 25 km), it alone is insufficient to fully explain the observed transmission patterns during the 2003 epidemic. This indicates the presence of other transmission pathways, necessita ting a holistic approach to disease control and prevention.


Discussion and Sensitivity Analysis
The research team conducted a thorough sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of various parameters on wind-borne transmission probabilities. Factors such as wind speed, settling velocity of particles, vertical eddy diffusivity, effective release height, pathogen decay rate, and the within-flock basic reproduction ratio were scrutinized. This analysis revealed the intricate interplay between these variables and their influence on the dispersal and deposition of contaminated dust particles.

Of particular note were the findings related to particle deposition and pathogen decay. These factors were found to have a significant effect on ground-level air-borne dust concentrations, especially over longer distances from the source farm. Such insights underscore the importance of considering not just dispersal mechanisms but also the survival characteristics of the virus strain in question when assessing the risk of wind-borne transmission.


Implications and Future Directions

The conclusion that wind-borne transmission alone cannot account for all observed infections during the 2003 epidemic has profound implications. It suggests the existence of supplementary transmission mechanisms, possibly involving multi-stage indirect routes. This highlights the need for continued research into alternative models for indirect transmission, including the role of fomites, human vectors, and other potential carriers of infectious material.

Furthermore, the modeling framework developed by Wageningen University has broader applicability beyond HPAI. Similar approaches can be adopted to study the wind-borne spread of other livestock diseases, emphasizing the universal importance of factors such as particle deposition, pathogen survival, and environmental conditions in shaping disease transmission dynamics.


Conclusion

In conclusion, while the wind-borne spread of HPAI can contribute significantly to localized transmission events, it is just one piece of the larger puzzle. The research conducted by Wageningen University sheds light on the complexities of modeling such transmission routes and underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to disease control and prevention. By gaining a deeper understanding of the various transmission pathways and their interactions, we can better equip ourselves to mitigate the impact of highly pathogenic viruses on both animal and human populations.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: PLOS One.

 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


H5N1 Can Survive In Various Water Sources Including Sea Water For Up To 12 Days At 22 To 35 Degrees Celsius

Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 24, 2024

The persistence of pathogens in environmental reservoirs, especially water sources, poses significant challenges for public health. Among these pathogens, the H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) has garnered particular attention due to its potential to cause severe disease in birds and humans alike. A study conducted in 2011 by the Cantacuzino NIRDMI, National Influenza Center in Romania that is covered in this H5N1 News report, delved into the survival of H5N1 in various water sources and explored effective methods for its inactivation.


Understanding H5N1 Survival Dynamics

The study utilized an experimental model with a non-pathogenic avian reassortant to assess the survival of H5N1 AIV in surface water. The infectivity of the virus was measured using TCID50 (Tissue Culture Infective Dose 50) at different intervals across three distinct types of water. This approach aimed to mimic real-world conditions and evaluate the potential risk of viral transmission through water sources.

The findings revealed that H5N1 AIV exhibited remarkable persistence in aquatic environments. Specifically, the virus remained infective for up to 12 days when subjected to temperatures ranging from 22 to 35 degrees Celsius. Even at lower temperatures of 4 degrees Celsius, H5N1 retained infectivity for an extended period, lasting up to 20 days. This longevity underscores the resilience of the virus in diverse water temperatures, highlighting a concerning aspect of its environmental viability.


Implications for Transmission and Contamination
The study's results carry significant implications for understanding the pathways of H5N1 transmission. The prolonged survival of the virus in water suggests a potential mechanism for bird-to-bird transmission and raises concerns about contamination of household water supplies through shared water sources. These findings emphasize the need for robust biosecurity measures, especially in regions where avian influenza outbreaks are prevalent.

Furthermore, the study observed a notable decrease in H5N1 persistence in sea water after 12 days at 35 degrees Celsius. This observation underscores the influence of environmental factors, such as water salinity and temperature, on viral viability. Such insights are crucial for assessing the broader ecological context of AIV transmission and devising targeted mitigation strategies.


Inactivation Methods: Chemical Approaches

In addition to studying H5N1 survival, the research explored the efficacy of chemical methods in inactivating the virus. Various chemicals were tested for their ability to neutralize AIV infectivity, providing valuable insights into potential decontamination strategies.

The study identified two commercially available products, namely glutaraldehyde and penta potassium bis (peroxy mono sulphate) bis(sulphate), as effective inactivators of H5N1 AIV. These chemicals demonstrated rapid and safe decontamination capabilities, offering a promising avenue for implementing biosafety measures in laboratory settings and farms vulnerable to avian influenza.


Conclusion: Mitigating Risks and Enhancing Biosecurity
In conclusion, the study sheds light on the persistence of H5N1 AIV in water and underscores the importance of proactive measures to mitigate transmission risks. By understanding the survival dynamics of the virus and leveraging effective chemical inactivation methods, stakeholders can bolster biosecurity protocols and safeguard against potential outbreaks.

Moving forward, continued research and collaborative efforts are essential to refine strategies for combating avian influenza and addressing its environmental reservoirs. Implementing robust surveillance, rapid response mechanisms, and targeted interventions will be instrumental in protecting both animal and human populations from the threat of H5N1 and other emerging pathogens.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology.

 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Can Also Spread Via Water-Borne Transmissions
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 24, 2024

The emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses pose significant challenges to public health and veterinary medicine. Among these, the H5N1 subtype has garnered particular attention due to its zoonotic potential and the devastating impact it can have on both avian and human populations. In recent years, research has shed light on the potential for water-borne transmission of H5N1 viruses, highlighting the complex interplay between wild birds, domestic poultry, and aquatic environments. This H5N1 News report delves into a study conducted in Dongting Lake, China, which provides insights into the genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses, with a specific focus on water-borne transmissions.

Historical Context of H5N1 Avian Influenza
The history of H5N1 avian influenza dates back to its initial identification in China in 1996. Subsequent human infections were reported in Hong Kong in 1997, signaling the virus's ability to cross species barriers. Over the years, H5N1 has evolved into multiple phylogenetic lineages, including Clades 2.3.2 and 2.3.4, with sporadic cases of human infections recorded globally. While human-to-human transmission remains rare, the virus's pandemic potential looms large, necessitating continuous surveillance and research efforts.


Ecological Dynamics in Dongting Lake
Dongting Lake serves as a crucial ecological hotspot, particularly for migratory waterfowl traversing the East Asian flyway. The convergence of wild birds and domestic poultry in this region creates a dynamic interface where avian influenza viruses can potentially jump between species. The wetland's role as an overwintering area further amplifies the risk of viral dissemination, highlighting the need for targeted investigations into transmission pathways.


Study Design and Findings
The study conducted in Dongting Lake involved comprehensive surveillance efforts, including the collection of water samples from areas frequented by wild waterfowl and cloacal swabs from lakeside backyard poultry. Remarkably, the researchers isolated 10 H5N1 strains from water samples and 4 strains from backyard poultry, representing distinct clades such as 2.3.2, 2.3.4, and 7. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled a diverse genome constellation, with certain water isolates closely resembling those from lakeside poultry, hinting at potential transmission routes.


Genetic Characterization and Transmission Dynamics

Genomic analyses provided valuable insights into the genetic diversity and origin of H5N1 viruses in Dongting Lake. The presence of polybasic amino acid sequences indicative of high pathogenicity underscored the virulence potential of these strains. Phylogenetic reconstructions traced the evolutionary trajectories of different clades and highlighted genetic exchanges between poultry and wild bird populations. Notably, the study identified potential transmission events from lakeside poultry to wild waterfowl, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these ecological niches.


Pathogenicity Assessments
Pathogenicity experiments in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and mice shed light on the varying virulence profiles of H5N1 strains. While all selected viruses exhibited high pathogenicity in chickens, their effects in mice varied, reflecting the complex interplay between viral genetics and host susceptibility. Certain strains caused systemic infections in mice, underscoring the need for nuanced assessments of pathogenic potential across species barriers.


Implications for Public Health and Wildlife Management

The study's findings have significant implications for public health interventions and wildlife management strategies. The genetic similarities between water isolates and domestic poultry strains suggest ongoing viral circulation and potential spillback events. This underscores the importance of integrated surveillance programs encompassing both avian and environmental sampling. Furthermore, the role of water bodies as potential vectors necessitates targeted mitigation measures to curtail viral spread.


Future Directions and Research Imperatives

Moving forward, continued research in Dongting Lake and similar ecological hotspots is essential to monitor viral dynamics, identify emerging threats, and inform evidence-based interventions. Collaborative efforts involving multidisciplinary teams comprising virologists, ecologists, and public health experts are crucial for holistic understanding and effective management of avian influenza risks. Furthermore, leveraging advanced genomic tools and modeling techniques can enhance predictive capabilities and aid in early warning systems.


Conclusion

In conclusion, the study underscores the complex interplay between highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, wild bird populations, domestic poultry, and aquatic environments. By elucidating genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and pathogenicity profiles, researchers have contributed valuable insights into the potential for water-borne transmissions of H5N1 viruses. These findings underscore the importance of proactive surveillance, targeted interventions, and interdisciplinary collaborations in mitigating the risks posed by avian influenza to both animal and human health.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: Frontiers In Microbiology.

 

bev

Has No Life - Lives on TB
I just came here to post that, Tristan. That is really disturbing and John was visibly disturbed too. I’m glad you brought this over here.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
Dr. Campbell discusses a Study of the use of Midazolam in the UK, and the results.

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3cqo9V2MzM

rt: 15:36

A single quote from the study:

"The widespread and persistent use of Midazolam in the UK suggests a possible Policy of systemic euthanasia."

This is well worth the watch.

And perhaps a local save, just in case it disappears...


Thank you! I was going to post this too, this is a critical video to watch. Here's some extra info I was going to post with it:


Midaz
Dr. John Campbell
Apr 24, 2024

Excess Deaths in the United Kingdom: Midazolam and Euthanasia in the COVID-19 Pandemic


Citation: Wilson Sy (2024) Excess Deaths in the United Kingdom: Midazolam and Euthanasia in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Medical & Clinical Research, 9(2), 01-21.

Macro-data during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK) are shown to have significant data anomalies and inconsistencies with existing explanations.

England 2020. UK spike in deaths, wrongly attributed to COVID-19 in April 2020, was not due to SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was largely absent, but was due to the widespread use of Midazolam injections, which were statistically very highly correlated (coefficient over 90 percent) with excess deaths in all regions of England during 2020.

Importantly excess deaths remained elevated following mass vaccination in 2021, but were statistically uncorrelated to COVID injections, while remaining significantly correlated to Midazolam injections.

The widespread and persistent use of Midazolam in UK suggests a possible policy of systemic euthanasia.

Unlike Australia, where assessing the statistical impact of COVID injections on excess deaths is relatively straightforward, UK excess deaths were closely associated with the use of Midazolam and other medical intervention.

The UK iatrogenic pandemic caused by euthanasia deaths from Midazolam and also, likely caused by COVID injections, https://www.researchgate.net/public...ation_of_Long-Term_Impact_of_COVID_Injections but their relative impacts are difficult to measure from the data, due to causal proximity of euthanasia.

Global investigations of COVID-19 epidemiology, based only on the relative impacts of COVID disease and vaccination, may be inaccurate, due to the neglect of significant confounding factors in some countries.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)



Pentagon Watchdog Opens Probe of DOD Funds to China for Pathogen Research
Outraged lawmakers are demanding answers about American tax dollars going to firms controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.

By Mark Tapscott
4/24/2024

Federal investigators want to know if U.S. tax dollars have directly or indirectly supported research in China into enhancing pathogens capable of causing worldwide pandemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak that killed more than 1 million Americans in 2020 and 2021.

The investigation seeks to “determine the extent to which the [Department of Defense] awarded federal funds directly or indirectly through grants, contracts, sub-grants, subcontracts, or any other type of agreement or collaboration, during the 10-year period from 2014 through 2023, to Chinese research labs or to fund research or experiments in China or other foreign countries designed to enhance pathogens of pandemic potential,” according to Department of Defense Inspector General Robert Storch.

Mr. Storch’s comment came in an April 2 letter to Sen. Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) and Rep. Mike Gallagher (R-Wis.) that the two lawmakers made public on Wednesday. They had initially asked the Department of Defense (DOD) inspector general in January 2024 about the issue of federal funds going to support such research.

The investigation was mandated by Section 252 of the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). The two Republican lawmakers introduced amendments in their respective chambers to the NDAA concerning the investigation.

Ms. Ernst and Mr. Gallagher have been pushing officials at the DOD, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and other federal departments since the COVID-19 pandemic to come clean about links to Chinese biomedical research activities.

Mr. Gallagher was chairman of the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party before resigning from Congress on April 19.

Tracking the Funds

In an April 24 statement, Ms. Ernst said the DOD should defend the United States, not support research with the potential to harm the nation.

“While bureaucrats are blindly giving away taxpayer funds, China doesn’t even have to steal our research. It’s clear Americans deserve a detailed inventory of all the dangerous dollars sent overseas, which is why I’ve launched an investigation to track down every cent,” she said.

“We may never get answers about what really happened in Wuhan from Dr. Fauci, EcoHealth, or China, but this investigation enables us to pinpoint where another man-made pandemic could possibly originate and prevent that from happening. As more evidence emerges that our own tax dollars are advancing the interests of our adversaries, it’s clear we need greater transparency and accountability of how, why, and especially where our money is going,” she continued.

In her statement, the Iowa Republican pointed to a recent analysis by auditors at Open The Books that found the DOD provided nearly $52 million to Chinese firms, including a $6 million contract for development services on the U.S. military’s command software program.

Open The Books founder and president Adam Andrzejewski was also quoted in the senator’s statement.

“Empty rhetoric can often seem like its own Beltway pathogen, but today Senator Ernst has made a serious contribution to the health and security of every American. Whatever one may think about the controversy over COVID-19’s origins, it has brought into focus risky viral research that has become common practice for scientists and often funded with taxpayer dollars,” he said.

“We cannot close the book on the pandemic and the government’s response without understanding the full scope of the research in foreign countries that could come back to haunt us, or in this case infect us. It’s time for a serious discussion of the potential risks and benefits of funding this research, not more obfuscating by the public health complex in this country.”

Every Dime, in Real Time

Mr. Andrzejewski’s group is a nonprofit organization that compiles and publishes virtually all spending data from federal and state governments, as well as major municipal authorities, on the internet.

The group describes its purpose as publishing “every dime, online, in real time.”

The statement from the Iowa Republican further noted that “one defense contractor, EcoHealth Alliance, plotted to conceal its plans to divert tax dollars from DOD to China’s infamous Wuhan Institute of Virology for dangerous experiments on bat coronaviruses. Despite rejecting that particular proposal, the Pentagon has paid over $47 million to EcoHealth since 2008—more than any other federal agency—and continues to finance the organization’s risky research in Asia and Africa. EcoHealth previously passed on more than a million dollars from two other federal agencies to the Wuhan Institute without reporting the transactions.”

Ms. Ernst named the DOD as the recipient of her April 2024 Squeal Award, a monthly “prize” she publicizes to draw public attention to waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government.
Another nonprofit group working with Ms. Ernst to expose U.S. tax dollars being awarded to Chinese groups for controversial biological and medical research is the White Coat Waste Project (WCWP).

“We commend Sen. Ernst for demanding answers about whether the Pentagon shipped taxpayers’ money to an adversary’s unaccountable animal labs for dangerous virus experiments that threaten public health and national security,” WCWP’s senior vice president, Julian Goodman, is quoted as saying in the senator’s statement.

“Four years ago, we first exposed secretive taxpayer funding for EcoHealth Alliance and the Wuhan lab’s treacherous gain-of-function animal experiments that violated U.S. policies and that experts believe created COVID. There’s stunning evidence that Dr. Anthony Fauci, EcoHealth, and the Chinese government tried to cover it up and that EcoHealth planned to sneakily funnel Pentagon funds to the CCP-run Wuhan animal lab for coronavirus engineering experiments,” Mr. Goodman continued.

Dr. Fauci, the former head of the National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), was a prominent figure in the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

“Despite all this, WCWP and Sen. Ernst have documented how since the pandemic began, the Pentagon has raised $26 million in new tax funding from WMD programs to EcoHealth and how tax dollars continue to flow to CCP-run animal labs with virtually no oversight. Stop the money. Stop the madness!” he said.

EcoHealth Responds

In a lengthy statement to The Epoch Times, an EcoHealth Alliance spokesman rigorously denied having used any U.S. funds it received from DOD, HHS, or other federal agencies to support research in China on pathogens known to be capable of causing deadly pandemics among humans.

“Mr. Goodman states, ‘Four years ago, we first exposed secretive taxpayer funding for EcoHealth Alliance and the Wuhan lab’s treacherous gain-of-function animal experiments that violated U.S. policies and that experts believe created COVID.’ This research funding is not ’secretive'—it was and is a matter of public record, as are all projects supported by funding awards from the National Institutes of Health.

“Further to this, EcoHealth Alliance did not support ‘gain-of-function’ research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), nor were any policies violated. Any assertions to the contrary are based either on misinterpretation, or willful misrepresentation of the actual research conducted.

“The NIH defines ‘gain-of-function’ as research that will create new viral strains with ‘enhanced transmissibility or virulence’ for viruses that are already (1) ‘likely highly transmissible and likely capable of wide and uncontrollable spread in human populations;’ and (2) ‘likely highly virulent and likely to cause significant morbidity and/or mortality in humans.’ Because the SARS-related research conducted by EcoHealth Alliance and the WIV dealt with bat coronaviruses that had never been shown to infect people, let alone cause significant morbidity and/or mortality in humans, by definition it was not gain-of-function research.

“This was confirmed by NIH on July 7, 2016, in a letter to EcoHealth Alliance made public via Freedom of Information Act requests stating ‘NIAID is in agreement that the work proposed … is not subject to the GoF research funding pause.’ This was also stated by NIH spokesperson Elizabeth Deatrick in comments to the press.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
I think that if H5N1 takes off and becomes Disease X - it won't be a scam. It'll be the real thing, possibly from GoF, or possibly the result of the destruction of the immune system from the mass vaccination for covid19. That being said - I agree with this article about the vaccine part. :shk:


(fair use applies)


‘A Dangerous Vaccine for a Nothing Disease’: U.S. Stockpiling Bird Flu Vaccines
As bird flu outbreaks spread among birds and mammals, the U.S. government says it has three FDA-approved H5N1 vaccines in its stockpile. However, experts questioned the effectiveness against current strains and raised concerns about potential side effects.

By John-Michael Dumais
04/24/24

With the recent spread of H5N1 bird flu to dairy cows in eight states — and the infection of a Texas dairy worker marking the second known human case in the country — public health officials are raising concerns over the adequacy and safety of stockpiled vaccines meant to protect against a potential pandemic, according to Barron’s.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains bird flu is a low risk to humans — the infected dairy worker only contracted a case of conjunctivitis (pink eye) — and that there is currently no known mechanism for human-to-human transmission.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), avian flu is responsible for 463 deaths worldwide over the past 20 years. The CDC reports only two U.S. cases of bird flu, and both were mild. No Americans have died from the virus.

Still, government agencies and Big Pharma manufacturers are building their capacity for bird flu vaccine production.

The U.S. government holds three U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved H5N1 vaccines in its National Pre-Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Stockpile.

The vaccines, manufactured by pharmaceutical giants Sanofi, GSK and CSL Seqirus, all contain mercury, a known neurotoxin, according to product inserts.

The same companies — plus Moderna — are working to develop new bird flu vaccines.

Federal officials said they supply several hundred thousand doses within weeks and 10 million more using materials on hand, and expect to produce 125 million doses within four months.

Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, suggested the agency has a “pretty low threshold” to deploy the stockpiled vaccines.

“We believe that, if we needed to, [our vaccines] would be reasonably good matches,” Marks said on April 1 at the World Vaccine Congress in Washington, D.C.

Given that all stockpiled vaccines were made for an earlier strain of H5N1, it’s uncertain how effective they would be against the strains that are circulating now, former FDA scientist Luciana Borio told STAT News.

“The FDA-approved H5N1 vaccines — licensed in 2013, 2017, and 2020 — do not elicit a protective immune response after just one dose,” Borio said. Even after two doses, “It is unknown whether the elicited immune response is sufficient to protect against infection or severe disease.”

A spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) program told Barron’s the agency could “ramp up production to make enough vaccine doses to vaccinate the entire U.S. population.”

A portion of the stockpile consists of “chunks” of premade antigens — good for training the immune system against specific strains — and adjuvants, the ingredients used to activate the human immune system when vaccines are administered.

However, despite its assurances of rapid vaccine delivery, ASPR did not detail its plans beyond claiming it could vaccinate about 68 million people, or one-fifth of the country’s population — using the two-dose regimen — within four months of an outbreak.

Internist and epidemiologist Dr. Meryl Nass, appearing with James Corbett on the April 20 episode of “Good Morning CHD,” said, “You’ve got a dangerous vaccine for a nothing disease,” noting the low number of human H5N1 cases reported thus far.

“It’s supposedly for a life-threatening illness,” she said. “Of course, pink eye is not life-threatening,” she said.

“The whole purpose of bird flu is to make you think the pandemics are out there, they’re coming for you all the time, and you need them [the health bureaucracy] to save you,” Nass said.



Sanofi vaccine contains thimerosol, PEG

Sanofi’s H5N1 vaccine, approved for adults in April 2007, was developed from a virus strain isolated from a Vietnamese patient in 2004.

“Our egg-based vaccine supply would well contribute to support a global influenza pandemic response should it arise either from A/H5N1 or any other influenza strain,” a Sanofi spokesperson told MedPage Today.

Each 90 microgram (µg) dose includes influenza virus hemagglutinin, 500 milligrams (mg) of porcine (pig) gelatin and approximately 98 µg of thimerosal, a mercury derivative (equaling approximately 50 µg of mercury/dose).

Other ingredients used in the development of the vaccine include embryonated chicken eggs, formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol and sugar.

Polyethylene glycol, or PEG, has been linked to the anaphylactic reaction in the COVID-19 vaccines.

The product warnings cited adverse events related to the 1976 swine flu vaccine, which included Guillain-Barré syndrome and other neurological disorders such as encephalopathy, optic neuritis/neuropathy, partial facial paralysis and brachial plexus neuropathy, as well as vasculitis and altered immunocompetence.

The initial clinical trial, conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, featured an experimental group of 452 healthy adults ages 18-64, of which 103 were given two 90 µg doses administered 28 days apart, resulting in 44% of recipients developing a protective immune response.

The other adults in the vaccine group received 45 µg, 15 µg or 7 µg doses. The product information does not indicate their immune responses. However, given that the 90 µg/dose version is the one stockpiled, it’s likely the lesser amounts were ineffective.

Experts at the time expressed concern over the large doses, compared to the standard 15 µg dose used in seasonal flu vaccines, according to the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota.

The trials didn’t include anyone under age 18, which would indicate that the safety and efficacy of the vaccine for this age group are undetermined.



GSK vaccine approved for 6-month-olds

GSK’s H5N1 vaccine, approved in 2013 for people as young as 6 months, was made from the same virus strain as Sanofi’s.

According to GSK’s package insert, each adult dose also contains the adjuvant AS03, made of 11.86 mg DL-a-tocopherol (vitamin E), 10.69 mg squalene (wrongly blamed for Gulf War syndrome, according to Nass) and 4.86 mg of an emulsifier called polysorbate 80. The insert also lists 5 µg of thimerosal, which equates to less than 2.5 µg mercury.

Other elements used in the production of the vaccine — and still present in the doses — include ovalbumin or embryonated hen eggs (at least 0.083 µg), formaldehyde (at least 12.5 µg) and sodium deoxycholate (at least 3.75 µg).

Pediatric doses contain about half the adult amounts of each ingredient, according to the product information.

In the clinical trial of about 2,000 adults 18 and older, 91% of those between 18 and 64 and 74% of those over 65 who received a two-dose (0.5 milliliters each) regimen of the GSK vaccine developed an adequate level of antibodies, according to the FDA.

The package insert warns of adverse events like Guillain-Barré syndrome, fainting and “cerebral vascular accidents” and notes one case of pulmonary embolism.

Three subjects developed thyroid cancer on days 21, 29 and 223 after administration. Two subjects developed polymyalgia rheumatica, two developed psoriasis, and one of each developed autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease, cranial nerve 4 palsy, Crohn’s disease, facial paralysis and other symptoms.

A pediatric age group of 838 subjects ages 6 months through 17 years participated in a clinical trial. In addition to frequently reported symptoms of injection site pain, swelling, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, gastroenteritis, fever and other symptoms, serious adverse events included one report of a febrile convulsion and one case of alopecia within seven days of administration.

In a randomized control trial in eight countries outside the U.S. for children 6 months through 9 years old, one death was reported (day 42) along with one case of hepatitis and nasopharyngitis (day 385), three cases of appendicitis (on days 8 or 9) and one case of thyroid cancer (day 84).

Other adverse events included alopecia areata (2 subjects), glomerulonephritis (2 subjects), hypothyroidism (2 subjects) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (1 subject).

GSK recently said it could provide at least 200 million doses to governments worldwide in the event of a pandemic, according to Barron’s.



CSL Seqirus vaccine: 1 in 200 died during clinical trials

The most recent addition to the U.S. government stockpile of bird flu vaccines is CSL Seqirus’ Audenz for H5N1, approved in 2020 for infants and adults 6 months old and up.

The vaccine contains CSL’s MF59 adjuvant, which includes 9.75 mg squalene, 1.175 mg polysorbate 80, 1.175 mg of sorbitan trioleate, 0.66 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate and 0.04 mg of citric acid monohydrate.

Nass considers MF59 dangerous because it can stimulate autoimmunity. “This adjuvant has not been approved for most other vaccines,” she said. She noted that the FDA is willing to take more risks for a vaccine needed in a dire emergency.

Other ingredients from the production process include MDCK cell protein (at least 3.15 µg) and MDCK cell DNA (at least 10 nanograms), both from dog kidneys, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (at least 4.5 µg) and ß-propiolactone (at least 0.1 µg).

Each 5 milliliter (mL) multidose vial contains 0.5 mL of thimerosal as a preservative, providing 25 µg of mercury per dose.

Fatality from the clinical trials included 11 (0.5% or 1 in 200) from the experimental group, compared to 0.1% or 1 in 1,000 for the placebo group.

In a trial with children ages 6 months through age 17, 8% of vaccine recipients developed upper respiratory infections within 21 days of vaccination.

Among the adverse events noted in post-marketing reports were swollen lymph nodes, swelling, anaphylaxis, Bell’s palsy, convulsions, demyelination, encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

“So 1 in 200 died [and] you want to take this vaccine for a case of pink eye,” Nass said. “This is an example of how … one bad decision sort of goes and rolls down a hill and snowballs to another.”



New bird flu vaccines in development

As concerns mount over the effectiveness of stockpiled vaccines, pharmaceutical companies and government agencies are racing to develop new H5N1 vaccines better matched to currently circulating strains.

Barron’s reported that the U.S. government has been working with GSK, CSL Seqirus, Sanofi and Moderna to develop vaccines that better match the latest H5N1 strains.

GSK, recipient of multi-year pandemic preparedness contracts to supply a bird flu vaccine to the U.S., Canada, the European Union and the WHO, said it would be ready to supply 200 million doses globally, “updated with the latest circulating strains,” according to MedPage Today.

In October 2022, CSL Seqirus announced it was developing another vaccine based on the “pre-pandemic” H5N8 A strain, as part of ASPR’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) program.

The new vaccine also uses the MF59 adjuvant.

One of the surface proteins of H5N8 is reportedly similar, according to Barron’s, to the strain of H5N1 that infected the Texas dairy worker.

According to MedPage Today, CSL Seqirus said it could scale up production at its California facility — built in a private-public partnership with BARDA — to deliver 150 million vaccine doses during an outbreak.

Sanofi also partnered with BARDA in 2019 to “expand pandemic influenza preparedness” using the same recombinant technology as Sanofi’s Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine. Leveraging its existing technology would allow the company to more rapidly deliver a pandemic vaccine.

Moderna said in March 2023 that it planned to develop a bird flu vaccine, stating its COVID-19 vaccine was developed from its H10N8 pandemic flu vaccine research. Moderna didn’t mention the bird flu vaccine in its March 2024 announcements.

However, the company reported on its seasonal flu vaccine, mRNA-1010, saying it had “demonstrated consistently acceptable safety and tolerability across Phase 3 trials.”

“Early studies done by mRNA vaccine companies on seasonal flu are promising, which could be good news here since mRNA vaccines can be made more quickly than vaccines using eggs or cells,” said Borio.



‘Why is it called a biodefense project?’

Linking to a 2023 Global Biodefense article discussing BARDA’s work with CSL Seqirus, Dr. Peter McCullough tweeted on April 23, “Why is the bird flu (highly pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1) human vaccine a US @NIH @BARDA project with CSL? Why is it called a ‘biodefense’ project?”

The Daily Mail raised similar concerns about the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) collaborating with the Chinese Academy of Sciences — which oversees biodefense labs like the Wuhan Institute of Virology — to develop more virulent strains of bird flu viruses, ostensibly to aid in the development of vaccines.

The White Coat Waste Project disclosed details of the USDA-China program in a February post showing numerous research project agreements beginning in April 2021.

A bipartisan group of Congress members on April 12 sent USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack a letter stating, “This research, funded by American taxpayers, could potentially generate dangerous new lab-created virus strains that threaten our national security and public health.”

Dr. Richard Bartlett, an emergency room director and former Texas Department of Health and Human Services advisory council member, in the April 10 episode of “The Defender In-Depth,” suggested gain-of-function research on bird flu viruses may be responsible for the current outbreak or could cause a future pandemic.

“After everything we just experienced and all the loss of life and bankruptcy and damage to the economy, families destroyed with COVID, why would you continue gain-of-function research?” he asked.

Nass told Corbett she was skeptical of the push for bird flu vaccines. “Every single time we’ve had an emergency and vaccines have been rolled out quickly, it’s resulted in disaster,” she said.

Nass cautioned against relying on centralized solutions pushed by public health authorities.

“They want you only to be able to get the solution they have made for you,” she said. “They don’t want it widely distributed where you have agency to decide whether you want it for yourself or not. … Don’t be scared. This is a scam.”
 

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USDA issues new interstate rules for dairy cows as it tracks avian flu outbreak
Scripps News
April 24, 2024 at 7:58 PM

The U.S. Department of Agriculture says dairy cows that are moving between states will have to be tested for the presence of H5N1 avian flu.

In a Tuesday order, the agency said any lactating cow that is moved from one state to another will first have to register a negative test result for influenza A virus.

Officials said they would be able to perform tens of thousands of tests a day if necessary, which could help them build a better picture of how H5N1 is distributed and may spread.

The new order was issued one day after testing showed fragments of H5N1 viral material in the U.S.' milk supply. Officials reiterated at the time that the fragments pose no threat to human health, because any active viruses have been killed during the milk pasteurization process.

"While we are taking this action today, it is important to remember that thus far, we have not found changes to the virus that would make it more transmissible to humans and between people," the USDA wrote. "While cases among humans in direct contact with infected animals are possible, our partners at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe that the current risk to the public remains low."

So far, H5N1 has been identified in dozens of dairy herds across eight states. Infections have also affected poultry flocks, wild birds and some other mammals.

Two dairy workers have been infected with H5N1 since the beginning of the outbreak, and 44 more people who have been exposed to potential bird flu infection are being monitored.
 

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USDA Actions to Protect Livestock Health From Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza
Federal Order to assist with developing a baseline of critical information and limiting the spread of H5N1 in dairy cattle

Press Release - Release No. 0071.24



WASHINGTON, April 24, 2024 – To further protect the U.S. livestock industry from the threat posed by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, USDA is sharing a number of actions that we are taking with our federal partners to help us get ahead of this disease and limit its spread.

Today, USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced a Federal Order requiring the following measures, effective Monday, April 29, 2024:

Mandatory Testing for Interstate Movement of Dairy Cattle
  • Prior to interstate movement, dairy cattle are required to receive a negative test for Influenza A virus at an approved National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) laboratory.
  • Owners of herds in which dairy cattle test positive for interstate movement will be required to provide epidemiological information, including animal movement tracing.
  • Dairy cattle moving interstate must adhere to conditions specified by APHIS.
  • As will be described in forthcoming guidance, these steps will be immediately required for lactating dairy cattle, while these requirements for other classes of dairy cattle will be based on scientific factors concerning the virus and its evolving risk profile.

Mandatory Reporting
  • Laboratories and state veterinarians must report positive Influenza A nucleic acid detection diagnostic results (e.g. PCR or genetic sequencing) in livestock to USDA APHIS.
  • Laboratories and state veterinarians must report positive Influenza A serology diagnostic results in livestock to USDA APHIS.

USDA has identified spread between cows within the same herd, spread from cows to poultry, spread between dairies associated with cattle movements, and cows without clinical signs that have tested positive. On April 16, APHIS microbiologists identified a shift in an H5N1 sample from a cow in Kansas that could indicate that the virus has an adaptation to mammals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted further analysis of the specimen sequence, which did not change their overall risk assessment for the general public, because the substitution has been seen previously in other mammalian infections and does not impact viral transmission. Additionally, APHIS’ National Veterinary Services Laboratories found H5N1 in a lung tissue sample from an asymptomatic cull dairy cow that originated from an affected herd and did not enter the food supply.

The novel movement of H5N1 between wild birds and dairy cows requires further testing and time to develop a critical understanding to support any future courses of action. This Federal Order is critical to increasing the information available for USDA. Requiring positive test reporting will help USDA better under this disease and testing before interstate movement will limit its spread.

While we are taking this action today, it is important to remember that thus far, we have not found changes to the virus that would make it more transmissible to humans and between people. While cases among humans in direct contact with infected animals are possible, our partners at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) believe that the current risk to the public remains low.

Additionally, we continue to see affected cows recover after supported care with little to no associated mortality. We also continue to work with our partners in the states and industry to emphasize the critical importance biosecurity plays in limiting disease spread for all livestock and poultry.

You may view the Federal Order, which is effective on Monday, April 29, 2024.

Further, in an effort to maximize understanding and research on H5N1 in dairy cattle, on April 21, APHIS made publicly available 239 genetic sequences from the U.S. H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza virus recently found in samples associated with the ongoing HPAI outbreak in poultry and wild birds, and the recent H5N1 event in dairy cattle. APHIS has also offered virus samples to interested researchers to facilitate epidemiological study. Increasing our understanding of this disease and how it spreads is critical to stopping it. This is why APHIS is urging dairy cattle producers and those who work in or with the industry to share epidemiological information from affected farms, even if they are not planning to move cattle interstate. APHIS further urges producer participation in public health assessments to continue to confirm worker safety and monitor for any potential changes in the virus that could impact transmissibility.

In addition, our partners in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released an update on the ongoing work to ensure continued effectiveness of the federal-state milk safety system. It is important to emphasize that, based on the information and research available to us at this time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and USDA believe that our commercial milk supply is safe because of both the pasteurization process and the required diversion or destruction of milk from sick cows. Pasteurization has continuously proven to inactivate bacteria and viruses in milk. The FDA and USDA continue to work closely to collect and evaluate additional data and information specific to avian influenza in dairy cattle and to support state counterparts as this emerging disease in dairy cattle is managed.

As USDA continues to take steps to protect the health of livestock, the Department continues to work closely with federal partners at the CDC on protecting the health of people and FDA on protecting the safety of the food supply. The U.S. government is committed to addressing this situation with urgency.

To learn more about USDA’s response to HPAI in dairy cattle, visit www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock.
 

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Most Unaware That 'Junk' Viral Peptides Produced During Replication Are Pathogenic And Can Withstand Temperatures Above 70 Degrees Celsius
Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team
Apr 25, 2024

Recent news coverages that showed that commercial milk supplies found in supermarkets and grocery stores across America were found to contain H5N1 viral particles but that the USFDA claimed that as there were not infectious and hence these milk supplies were still safe for human consumption is not only misleading but warrant fact-checks by leading researchers who are updated in developments in the field of virology.


https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/23/health/bird-flu-milk-fda/index.html

Fragments of bird flu virus detected in cow's milk sold in grocery stores

To begin with, it has been known that viruses during replication, produce numerous proteins that are not part of their genomic structure and previously it was assumed that these viral peptides which include various miRNAs, cirRNAs etc were but junk proteins.

However, recent developments had shown that these viral peptides are not junk proteins but are actually proteins that are also pathogenic and can cause health issues as they can bind with various key human host proteases to disrupt, damage or dysregulate various important cellular pathways. In fact, it is coming to light that some of these viral peptides were made by designation to perhaps disrupt some of the host cellular functions to facilitate the virus survival in the host.

This new development in the field of virology has also brought to the attention that the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be generating hundreds if not thousands of different viral peptides that are causing varied effects on the human host.


Australian scientists have already discovered on such micro RNA called CoV2-miR-08 that is actually encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.


There are also other such viral peptides by SARS-CoV-2 that has been identified.


https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...-expression-of-serinc5-for-viral-replication-

Some of these viral peptides are not merely formed during replication or encoding by the virus by also by structural breakdown of the virus itself into properly designated proteins!

There are many such micro RNAs now being discovered in the case of SARS-CoV-2 and they are all pathogenic though not infectious and it is believed that they also contribute to long COVID manifestations and even COVID-19 severity!


https://www.thailandmedical.news/ne...-be-used-as-a-biomarker-for-covid-19-severity

Studies have shown that while viruses can be inactivated at high temperatures, viral peptides can withstand high temperatures even at 70 degrees Celsius or higher!


https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684887/

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7165

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_75

Hence the recent H5N1 News claiming that pasteurized milk despite containing non-infectious H5N1 viral particles is safe to consume begets urgent studies.

We are not yet 100 percent sure if these viral particles from the H5N1 are pathogenic and can affect key human proteases if consumed and we have no knowledge yet if these viral particles can withstand the pH conditions of our gastrointestinal tract!

But what thing is for sure, with what we are discovering about viral peptides encoded or produced by SARS-CoV-2, the same is possibly occurring with the H5N1 virus and we should not prematurely assume that viral particles found in milk supplies are safe and non-pathogenic!

(Dear readers I merely scrambled and put this article together in less than 5 minutes in response to the news coverages about its still safe to drink these milk supplies but I will do a more detailed article in coming days to elaborate my point and warnings with more links to studies and data. I do hope that most of you understand what I am warning about!)
 
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