That’s entirely dependent on the caliber. I can reload 458 Socom for under $1 / round (including new case). New is north of $2 / round. You also can get by for far, far less than $600 in equipment.
There may be exceptions and you need to do the research. If you skip the case prep, and use uncalibrated powder measurement, you can "reload".
Precision reloading requires a significant investment in equipment, far more than I am or was willing to invest in in either time or $. For instance I do not do finished round concentricity nor do I vary loadings based on individual case capacity. In some reloading circles this is regarded as half assed. I do now measure all powder charges individually, reweigh every tenth round against calibrated standards. I do not use powder measures on extruded powders. I measure every tenth round dimensionally. Buying used equipment requires a significant investment in time to round up desired equipment. Maybe I am an equipment diva but I really like good equipment so as to produce a good product.
Case prep:
Size and deprime, press and dies
Clean
Correct overall case length. Requires measurement and trimming device.
Deburr, deburring tool
Prime, press or hand primer
Powder charge, scales, powder measure/dispenser, means of verification
Assembling round to correct dimensions Die, calipers press.
Lots of holes in this very rough procedure.
Back when I was reloading large quantity's I had a Dillon 650, Mr. bullet feeder, ultrasonic cleaner, all the neat stuff. For all center fire rifles that used extruded powder I had a RCBS charge dispenser and Bonanza Co Ax press along with all of the prerequisite peripherals. All gone now due to a house fire.
Starting over and doing minimal reloading, I purchased a Co Ax and a Lee press to minimize handling, New dies, RCBS Charge Master, Lyman case prep center, Weight standards, hand primer, and other pricey bits. The only rifle I intend to handload for are my .308's.
These are far from minimalist or survival reloading requirements, but this equipment will allow me to prepare ammunition better than the best available commercial ammunition if I do my part.